بازاندیشی در نظام تأمین مالی پژوهش ایران: تحلیل کیفی مبتنی بر دیدگاه خبرگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مدیریت آموزشی، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار، پژوهشکده سیاستگذاری، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، پژوهشکده سیاستگذاری دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکترا، تحقیقات آموزشی، دانشکده آموزش ورکلوند، دانشگاه کلگری، کلگری، کانادا

چکیده

تأمین مالی پژوهش در دهه‌های اخیر به یکی از ارکان اساسی پیشرفت علمی، ارتقای نوآوری و افزایش توان رقابت‌پذیری کشورها تبدیل شده است. در ایران، با وجود رشد نسبی اعتبارات پژوهشی، چالش‌هایی همچون نوسانات بودجه‌ای، وابستگی شدید به منابع دولتی، ضعف سازوکارهای تخصیص رقابتی و محدودیت در ارزیابی اثربخشی هزینه‌کرد مانع دستیابی به کارایی مطلوب در نظام پژوهش شده است. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و با هدف شناسایی ویژگی‌های یک نظام مطلوبِ تأمین مالی پژوهش در ایران، بر اساس تجارب کشورهای منتخب، به تحلیل سازوکارها، جهت‌گیری‌ها و پیامدهای سیاستی از منظر خبرگان این حوزه می‌پردازد. چارچوب مفهومی تحقیق شامل ۹ بُعد کلیدی (سیاست‌گذاری، سازوکارهای تخصیص منابع، رفتار تخصیص منابع، تأمین مالی، دسترسی، ارزیابی، حمایت و تشویق، منطقه‌ای و دیپلماسی علم و فناوری) است که از طریق مصاحبهٔ نیمه‌ساختاریافته با ۷ نفر از خبرگان ارشد مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی الگوی سه‌مرحله‌ای ولکات تحلیل شده‌اند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که اصلاح و تنوع‌بخشی به منابع تأمین مالی، استقرار نظام تخصیص مبتنی بر رقابت و عملکرد، حمایت هدفمند از پژوهشگران کمترشناخته‌شده و بومی‌سازی شاخص‌های ارزیابی از الزامات اساسی ارتقای کارآمدی نظام تأمین مالی پژوهش کشور است. همچنین، توسعهٔ نهادهای واسط و ارتقای شفافیت مالی به‌ عنوان گام‌های کلیدی در جهت تحول سیاست‌گذاری و بهبود پاسخ‌گویی نظام علمی پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Rethinking Iran's Research Funding System: A Qualitative Analysis Based on Expert Perspectives

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Keykha 1
  • Seyed Reza Mirnezami 2
  • Ali Maleki 3
  • Sajedeh Sadat Hosseini 4
1 Assistant Professor of Educational Administration, Department of Educational Administration, Faculty of Psychology and Education, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Research Institute for Science, Technology and Industry Policy, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Research Institute for Science, Technology and Industry Policy, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
4 Sajedeh Sadat Hosseini, PhD Student, Educational Research, Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, research funding has become one of the fundamental pillars of scientific advancement, the promotion of innovation, and the enhancement of national competitiveness. In Iran, despite the relative growth of research credits, challenges such as budgetary fluctuations, heavy reliance on public (state) resources, weaknesses in competitive allocation mechanisms, and limitations in evaluating spending effectiveness have hindered the achievement of optimal efficiency within the research system. Employing a qualitative approach, this study aims to identify the characteristics of an optimal research funding system in Iran based on the experiences of selected countries, analyzing the mechanisms, orientations, and policy consequences from the perspective of experts in this field. The conceptual framework of the research comprises nine key dimensions (policymaking, resource allocation mechanisms, resource allocation behavior, financing, access, evaluation, support and incentives, regional considerations, and science and technology diplomacy), which were examined through semi-structured interviews with seven senior experts. The data were analyzed using the three-phase qualitative content analysis method proposed by Wolcot. The findings indicate that reforming and diversifying funding sources, establishing a competitive and performance-based allocation system, providing targeted support for lesser-known researchers, and localizing evaluation indicators are fundamental requirements for enhancing the efficiency of the national research funding system. Furthermore, the development of intermediary institutions and the promotion of financial transparency are proposed as key steps toward transforming policymaking and improving the accountability of the scientific system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Research Funding
  • Research Budget
  • Research Governance
  • Dynamics of the Science and Technology System
  • Hybrid Model of Research Funding
 
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