رویکردی تکاملی به فرارسی اقتصادی متاخران

نوع مقاله : ترجمه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری سیاست گذاری علم و فناوری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استادیار دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

مقاله حاضر به ارائه رویکردی تکاملی درخصوص فرارسی اقتصادی متاخران می‌پردازد. فرارسی فرآیندی طولانی‌مدت برای کاهش شکاف در توانمندی‌ها از طریق ارتقای یادگیری و نوآوری با تکیه‌بر نظام‌های نوآوری (ملی، بخشی یا منطقه‌ای) است. براساس این رویکرد، فرارسی به عنوان یک فرآیند تکاملی، پویا، احتمالی و غیرقابل‌ برنامه‌ریزی در نظر گرفته می‌شود چرا که با تغییرات مستمر، عدم اطمینان و انواع رخدادهای بیرونی (پنجره‌های فرصت) روبرو است و از رفتار خاص بازیگران ناهمگن به فراخور ادراکات، نگرش‌ها و تجربیات متفاوت ایشان اثر می‌پذیرد. این فرآیند منجر به واکنش‌ و اتخاذ راهبردهای گوناگون بنگاه‌ها و کشورهای متاخر - حتی در صورت وجود شرایط خارجی مشابه (از نظر فناوری یا بازار) - می‌شود. دراین‌راستا ایجاد پیوندی مکمل و قدرتمند میان یادگیری و توانمندی‌های شرکت‌های داخلی با نظام‌های ملی، بخشی و منطقه‌ای - که بنگاه‌ها در آن به فعالیت می‌پردازند – اهمیت می‌یابد. علاوه بر این، مقاله حاضر به شرح راهبردهای مختلفی نظیر دور زدن و جهش در مراحل مختلف و همچنین مسیرهای متنوعی می‌پردازد که کشورها و بخش‌ها طی این فرآیند طولانی‌مدت و تکاملی دنبال می‌نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An evolutionary perspective on economic catch-up by latecomers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Fatemi 1
  • Mostafa Safdari Ranjbar 2
1 PhD Candidate, Science and Technology Policy making, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Accounting, College of Farabi, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

This paper proposes an evolutionary view of economic catch-up by latecomers, considered as a long run process of closing the gap in capabilities by promoting learning and innovation in interaction with innovation systems (national, sectoral or regional). According to this perspective, catch-up is viewed as a dynamic evolutionary process which is not deterministic and cannot be planned in details because it faces uncertainty and continuous change; is associated with a variety of exogenous events (windows of opportunity) and is the result of the idiosyncratic behavior of heterogeneous actors characterized by different understanding, views and experiences. This process leads to a variety of responses and strategies by latecomer firms and countries, even in the presence of similar external technological or market conditions. One major point that emerges from this perspective is that there is a strong complementarity between learning and capabilities by domestic firms and the national, sectoral, and regional systems in which firms operate. The paper also discusses various strategies, such as detours and leapfrogging, along the stages and the different paths and trajectories that this long-term evolutionary process of countries and sectors follows.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • catch-up
  • evolutionary theory
  • innovation
  • sectoral systems
  • national systems

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 آبان 1400
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