اقتصاد سیاسی تحقیق و توسعه در پشتیبانی از رقابت‌پذیری نوین کشورها و عوامل موثر بهینه‌سازی و رکود اقتصادی

نوع مقاله : ترجمه

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر به تحلیل ارتباط بین هزینه های تحقیق و توسعه به منزلۀ سهمی از تولید ناخالص داخلی و بهره وری نیروی کار در کشورهای پیشرو از حیث جغرافیای اقتصادی می پردازیم. شواهد تجربی نشان می دهد که در بازۀ زمانی مورد مطالعه، بین هزینه های تحقیق و توسعۀ بخش دولتی و خصوصی ارتباطی مثبت و قوی وجود دارد. علاوه براین، هر گاه هزینه های تحقیق و توسعۀ بخش کسب وکار از هزینه های تحقیق و توسعۀ دولتی بیشتر شود، با ثابت ماندن بقیۀ عوامل، بهره وری نیروی کار به سمت افزایش میل می کند (بهینه سازی اقتصادی). به طور کلی اثر اصطکاک (رکود) در افزایش بهره وری نیروی کار عموماً در کشورهایی مشاهده می شود که شدت تحقیق و توسعه عمدتاً وابسته به هزینه کرد بخش دولتی در آن است. در نتایج تحقیق حاضر دلایل مفیدی برای پشتیبانی اقتصاد سیاسی عقلایی تحقیق و توسعه، به قصد بهبود رقابت پذیری کشورها در بازارهای به شدت متغیر و ناپایدار، عرضه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Political economy of R&D to support the modern competitiveness of nations and determinants of economic optimization and inertia

نویسنده [English]

  • Kiarash Fartash
Assistant Professor, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The study here analyzes the association between R&D expenditure (as % of GDP) and labor productivity across leading geo-economic players. Empirical evidence seems to show, during the period of analysis, a strong positive association between public and private R&D expenditure. In addition, when R&D spending of business enterprise sector exceeds R&D spending of government sector, the labor productivity tends to growth (economic optimization), ceteris paribus. In general, effects of friction (inertia) on labor productivity growth are displayed by countries whose R&D intensity is driven mainly by R&D expenditure of government sector. Results provide fruitful implications that can support a rational political economy of R&D in order to foster the competitiveness of countries in fast-changing and turbulent markets.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • R&D Expenditure
  • R&D Investment
  • R&D Intensity
  • Labor Productivity
  • Political Economy of R&D
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