سیاست نامه علم و فناوری

سیاست نامه علم و فناوری

تأثیر موافقت‌نامه‌های تجارت ترجیحی بر مشارکت کشورها در زنجیره‌های ارزش جهانی: نقش عمق و محتوا

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 پژوهشگر پژوهشکده سیاستگذاری دانشگاه صنعتی شریف
2 پژوهشگر پژوهشکده سیاستگذاری دانشگاه شریف
3 عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری
چکیده
در دهه‌های اخیر، توسعه‌ی زنجیره‌های ارزش جهانی و گسترش موافقت‌نامه‌های تجارت ترجیحی اثر قابل توجهی بر اقتصاد جهانی داشته‌اند. این موافقت‌نامه‌ها علاوه بر کاهش موانع تجاری و تسهیل مشارکت کشورها در زنجیره ارزش جهانی، سازوکاری برای بهبود حکمرانی اقتصادی و سیاست‌های داخلی فراهم می‌کنند. با این حال، پرسش اصلی آن است که عمق و محتوای این موافقت‌نامه‌ها چگونه بر میزان ادغام کشورها در زنجیره‌های ارزش جهانی اثرگذار است. این پژوهش بر پایه‌ی رویکرد کیفی ـ اکتشافی و با بهره‌گیری از مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات علمی در پایگاه داده اسکوپوس طراحی شده است. در این چارچوب، مطالعات کلیدی شناسایی و با روش گلوله‌برفی مقالات تکمیلی مرتبط افزوده شدند، و در نهایت طی دو مرحله پالایش، از ۳۲ اثر اولیه به ۱۰ اثر اصلی رسیدند. غربالگری مقالات بر اساس زبان (انگلیسی)، حوزه موضوعی و ارتباط با پرسش پژوهش انجام شد و مضامین اصلی استخراج و در سه دسته مفهومی «ابعاد محتوایی موافقت‌نامه‌ها»، «شاخص‌های عمق و تنوع» و «پیامدها برای زنجیره ارزش جهانی» سازمان‌دهی شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که هرچه موافقت‌نامه‌ها عمیق‌تر باشند، اثر آن‌ها بر افزایش تجارت در زنجیره‌های ارزش جهانی چشمگیرتر است. این اثر به‌ویژه در کشورهای در حال توسعه که امکان تخصص‌گرایی در بخش‌های خاص زنجیره را دارند، پررنگ‌تر است. بر اساس نتایج، موافقت‌نامه‌های عمیق می‌توانند نه تنها به ادغام سریع‌تر در شبکه‌های تولید جهانی کمک کنند، بلکه جایگاه کشورها را نیز در زنجیره ارزش بهبود بخشند. با این حال، این موافقت‌نامه‌ها ممکن است محدودیت‌هایی را برای سیاست‌های داخلی کشورها ایجاد کنند. این یافته‌ها برای کشورهای در حال توسعه از جمله ایران پیام روشنی دارند: صرفاً افزایش تعداد موافقت‌نامه‌ها کافی نیست، بلکه محتوای آن‌ها و میزان تعهدات صریح و دقیق نقش تعیین‌کننده‌ای در موفقیت راهبردی ادغام در زنجیره ارزش جهانی دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Impact of Preferential Trade Agreements on Countries’ Participation in Global Value Chains: The Role of Depth and Content

نویسندگان English

Najmoddin Yazdi 1
Fatemeh Saffar 2
Mohammad Sadegh Saremi 3
1 1- Researcher at Sharif Policy Research Institute (SPRI), Sharif University of Technology
2 Researcher at Sharif Policy Research Institute (SPRI), Sharif University of Technology
3 Faculty member at Technology Studies Institute
چکیده English

In recent decades, the expansion of global value chains (GVCs) and the proliferation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have had a significant impact on the global economy. These agreements not only reduce trade barriers and facilitate countries’ participation in global value chains, but also provide mechanisms for improving economic governance and domestic policy frameworks. However, the central question remains: how do the depth and content of these agreements influence the extent of countries’ integration into global value chains? This study adopts a qualitative–exploratory approach, employing a systematic literature review based on the Scopus database. Within this framework, key studies were identified and additional relevant papers were collected through the snowball sampling method. Following a two-stage screening process, the initial pool of 32 papers was narrowed down to 10 core studies. Screening was conducted based on language (English), thematic relevance, and conceptual alignment with the research question. The extracted themes were organized into three conceptual categories: (1) content dimensions of trade agreements, (2) indicators of depth and diversity, and (3) implications for global value chains. The findings indicate that the deeper the trade agreements, the stronger their impact on enhancing trade within global value chains. This effect is particularly pronounced in developing countries, where opportunities for specialization within specific segments of the chain are greater. The results suggest that deep agreements can not only accelerate integration into global production networks but also improve countries’ positions within the value chain. Nevertheless, such agreements may impose constraints on domestic policy autonomy. For developing countries such as Iran, these findings carry a clear message: it is not merely the number of agreements that matters, but their content and the precision of their commitments—factors that play a decisive role in the strategic success of integration into global value chains.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Global value chains
Preferential trade agreements
Trade policy
Depth of trade agreements
Iran
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  • تاریخ دریافت 02 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 20 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 07 آذر 1404