بررسی سیاست‌های سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی در چین با هدف توسعه توانمندی‌های فناورانه

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری

2 پژوهشکده مطالعات بنیادین علم و فناوری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

3 پژوهشگاه نیرو

چکیده

امروزه بسیاری از فناوری‌ها در انحصار شرکت‌های چندملیتی قرار دارند، با این حال برخی کشورها توانسته‌اند از طریق جذب سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی به توسعه توانمندی‌های فناورانه خود دست یابند. هدف این تحقیق بررسی سیاست‌های چین در بهره‌گیری از سرمایه‌گذاری مستقیم خارجی جهت ارتقاء توانمندی فناورانه است. این مطالعه از روش مطالعه موردی تاریخ‌نگارانه استفاده کرده است. داده‌ها از منابع مختلف شامل مقالات و گزارش‌های پایگاه‌های علمی بین‌المللی نظیر بانک جهانی، گوگل اسکالر و اسکوپوس جمع‌آوری شد. این پژوهش به تحلیل تحولات سیاسی و اقتصادی چین در طول بازه زمانی 1979 تا 2008، در قالب چهار دوره زمانی کلیدی، پیش از اصلاحات (قبل از 1979)، دوره آغاز اصلاحات (1979-1991)، دوران تحولات گسترده (1992-2001) و دوره پیوستن به سازمان تجارت جهانی (2001-2008) پرداخته است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که سیاست‌های چین در این زمینه در چندین مرحله شکل گرفته است. در ابتدا، چین با پذیرش سیاست‌های باز و جذب سرمایه‌گذاری‌های خارجی در صنعت مونتاژ، توانست زیرساخت‌های اولیه فناوری را توسعه دهد. در مراحل بعدی، چین با هدف انتقال فناوری‌های پیشرفته، به‌ویژه در زمینه‌هایی چون الکترونیک و فناوری اطلاعات، شرایطی را فراهم کرد تا شرکت‌های خارجی ملزم به انتقال فناوری‌های خود به بازار چین شوند. همچنین، یکی از موفقیت‌های چین در این زمینه، ایجاد و گسترش مناطق ویژه اقتصادی و خوشه‌های فناوری بوده است که به عنوان ابزارهایی برای جذب سرمایه‌گذاری و نوآوری به کار گرفته شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment Policies in China: Implications for Technological Capability Development

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad sadegh saremi 1
  • Kiarash Fartash 2
  • Mohammad Azimzadeh Arani 3
1 assistant professor technology studies instititue
2 the Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University
3 Niroo Research Institute
چکیده [English]

Today, many advanced technologies are monopolized by multinational corporations. Nevertheless, some countries have successfully leveraged foreign direct investment (FDI) to enhance their technological capabilities. This study aims to examine China’s policies in utilizing FDI for the development of its technological capacity. The research adopts a historical case study approach, drawing data from various sources including academic articles and reports from international databases such as the World Bank, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The study analyzes China’s political and economic transformations across four key time periods: the pre-reform era (before 1979), the initial reform period (1979–1991), the era of major transformation (1992–2001), and the period of accession to the World Trade Organization (2001–2008). The findings indicate that China’s FDI policy evolved through multiple stages. Initially, China embraced open-door policies and attracted foreign investment in labor-intensive assembly industries to build foundational technological infrastructure. In subsequent phases, China imposed conditions on foreign companies to facilitate the transfer of advanced technologies, particularly in sectors such as electronics and information technology. One of China’s major successes in this context was the establishment and expansion of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and technology clusters, which served as critical instruments for attracting investment and fostering innovation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • the development of technological capabilities
  • sectoral differences
  • Technology regime
  • level of development
  • China

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 اردیبهشت 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 29 خرداد 1404

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