مروری بر تجارب آزمایشگاه‌های زنده شهری با تاکید بر پیاده سازی شهرهای هوشمند مبتنی بر محیط

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد برنامه ریزی شهری، گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه بجنورد

2 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه بجنورد

چکیده

بیان مساله: در طی دو دهه گذشته بسیاری از شهرها در جهان، ایده شهر هوشمند را به منظور حل مسائل در برنامه ریزی و حکمرانی شهری با استفاده از ظرفیت فناوری های نوین اطلاعات و ارتباطات دنبال کرده اند. تجارب گذشته در این خصوص نشانگر یکی از بزرگترین چالش ها در اجرای شهرهای هوشمند می باشد که عموماً مربوط به خود فناوری نیست، بلکه مشکلاتی است که در حین انجام ایده اتفاق می افتد که عمدتاً به علت وجود نداشتن راهبرد مشترک و روشن بین ذینفعان برای تحقق شهرهای هوشمند است. پس از تغییر پارادایم های توسعه از نوآوری بسته به سمت نوآوری باز، خلاء ناشی از حضور مردم در فرآیند نوآوری و شکاف بین آنها و فشار فناوری، سیاستگذاران شهری را برآن داشت تا به سمت طراحی شبکه ای متشکل از تمامی ذینفعان در محیط هایی تحت عنوان آزمایشگاه های زنده شهری حرکت کنند.
هدف: هدف این پژوهش، فهم مفهوم آزمایشگاه های زنده شهری از طریق مرور نظام مند تجربیات شهرهای موفق جهان در پارادیم نوآوری باز مبتنی بر محیط های هوشمند می باشد.
مواد و روش: این تحقیق به لحاظ هدف از نوع کاربردی و به لحاظ فنون گردآوری اطلاعات از نوع کتابخانه ای است. بدین ترتیب اسناد مکتوب 16 تجربه آزمایشگاه زنده شهری به عنوان محیط بین سال های 2007 تا 2022 ، از طریق مرور نظام مند بر حسب موضوع، هدف، ضرورت اجرا و خروجی طرح مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته ها: یافته های پژوهش بیانگر تمرکز شهرهای هوشمند بر مشارکت شهروندان و کاربران با سایر ذینفعان جهت ایجاد خدمات نوآورانه و تحقق هم آفرینی اجتماعی می باشد.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به تجارب، پایین بودن سطح آموزش شهروندان جزو چالش های بسیار مهم در تحقق شهرهای هوشمند می باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of Urban Living Labs Experiences with Emphasis on the Implementation of Environment-Based Smart Cities

نویسندگان [English]

  • behrouz mohamadrezapour 1
  • saeid rafiepour 2
  • Meisam Alipour 2
1 Master of Urban Planning, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Arts, University of Bojnord
2 Assistant Professor of Urban Planning Department, Faculty of Arts, University of Bojnord
چکیده [English]

Problem Statement: During the last two decades, many cities in the world have followed the idea of the ‘smart city’ to solve the issues of urban planning and governance using the capacity of modern information and communication technologies. Past experiences in this regard indicate one of the biggest challenges for the implementation of smart cities, which is generally not related to the technology itself, but to the problems that occur during the implementation of the idea, which is mainly due to the lack of a common and clear strategy between the stakeholders to realize the smart cities. After changing the development paradigms from closed innovation to open innovation, the gap created by the presence of people in the innovation process and the pressure of technology made the urban policymakers move towards the design of a network of all stakeholders in environments named Urban Living Labs (ULLs).
Objective: The present study aims to clarify the concept of ULLs by a systematic review of the successful cities in the world in terms of the open innovation paradigm based on smart environments.
Methods and Materials: The present study is applied in terms of the objective and library-based in terms of data collection. Accordingly, the written documents of 16 ULL experiences from 2007 to 2022 were analyzed by systematic review based on the subject, objective, necessity of project implementation, and output.
Findings: The findings indicate that smart cities concentrate on citizens’ and users’ participation with other stakeholders to create innovative services and realize social co-creation.
Conclusion: Based on the experiences, the low level of citizens’ education is among the very important challenges for the realization of smart cities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urban living lab
  • living lab
  • citizen participation
  • environment-based smartness
  • smart city
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