شناسایی عوامل مؤثر دانشگاهی در ایجاد اکوسیستم کارآفرینی منطقه‌ای- مورد مطالعه دانشگاه‌های آزاد استان اصفهان

نوع مقاله : مطالعه موردی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه پیام نور، ص. پ. 3697-19395، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه پیام نور، ص.پ.3697-19395، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اکوسیستم کارآفرینی در قالب مجموعه ای از بازیگران و عوامل وابسته، کارآفرینی مولد را در یک قلمرو خاص ایجاد می کند. در میان این بازیگران، دانشگاه‌ها می توانند نقش مهمی در اقتصاد مبتنی بر دانش بازی کنند و در نتیجه عامل پویایی اقتصاد منطقه‌ای باشند. این پژوهش به دنبال کشف عوامل مؤثر دانشگاهی در ایجاد اکوسیستم کارآفرینی منطقه‌ای بوده و از منظر هدف، کاربردی و برحسب روش گردآوری داده‌ها، پژوهشی از نوع توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعه آماری شامل 306 نفراز اعضای هیات علمی دانشگاه های آزاد اسلامی استان اصفهان است. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها مبتنی بر پرسش‌نامه خود ساخته بوده است. روایی ظاهری آن با نظر استاد راهنما و دو نفر از صاحب‌نظران تائید و روایی سازه نیز با استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی بررسی شد. پایایی آن نیز با استفاده از معیار آلفای کرونباخ 812/. به دست آمد. به منظور بررسی سؤالات پژوهش، تحلیل داده‌ها در محیط نرم‌افزاری لیزرل با اعمال آزمون های مدل معادلات ساختاری و تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تاییدی و آزمون تی تک نمونه ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته های تحلیل عاملی تائیدی نشان داد که عوامل و مؤلفه های اصلی شناسایی شده عبارتند از؛ عوامل فرهنگی شامل: ترویج فرهنگ کارآفرینی، آموزش کارآفرینی، مهارت آموزی؛ عوامل زمینه ای شامل: سرمایه انسانی، تولید دانش، انتقال دانش، تجاری‌سازی دانش؛ و عوامل ساختاری شامل: شبکه‌سازی، مراکز رشد و دفاتر انتقال فناوری و شرکت های زایشی که به عنوان متغیرهای مؤثر در ایجاد اکوسیستم کارآفرینی منطقه‌ای در نظر گرفته شده است. با استفاده از آزمون تی تک نمونه ای دیدگاه های افراد پیرامون تاثیر عوامل در ایجاد اکوسیستم کارآفرینی منطقه ای مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در مجموع عوامل مؤثر دانشگاهی در ایجاد اکوسیستم کارآفرینی منطقه‌ای تاثیر معناداری دارد. در پایان پیشنهادهای علمی و پژوهشی بر مبنای نتایج این پژوهش برای انجام تحقیقات آتی به محققین ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the effective factors in creating entrepreneurial regional ecosystem: The case of Islamic Azad Universities in Isfahan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasoul Noormohammadi najafabadi 1
  • ozhan karimi 2
  • ali jamshedi 2
1 Department of Management, Payame Noor University(PNU), P, O,Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Management, Payame Noor University(PNU), P, O,Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The entrepreneurial ecosystem, including actors and related factors, creates productive entrepreneurship in a specific territory. Among these actors, universities can play an important role in the knowledge-based economy; therefore, they could be a factor in the dynamism of the regional economy. The purpose of this descriptive survey was to investigate the effective academic factors in making a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem. To this end, 306 faculty members were randomly selected from Islamic Azad Universities in Isfahan province. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Its face validity was confirmed by the research supervisor, and two experts. Applying Cronbach's alpha, the reliability was found to be 0.812. In order to test the research hypotheses, data analysis in LISREL software environment was performed by applying structural equation model tests, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and one-sample t-test. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the identified main factors and components were cultural factors including promoting entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurship education, skill training; underlying factors including human capital, knowledge production, knowledge transfer, knowledge commercialization; and structural factors including networking, growth centers and technology transfer offices, and spin-offs, which were considered as effective variables in creating a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem. Using One Sample T-Test, the individuals' views on the impact of factors in making a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem were examined. In total, effective academic factors had a significant effect on creating a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem. Finally, based on the results of this study suggestions and recommendations for further research have been proposed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • knowledge commercialization
  • spin-offs
  • entrepreneurial culture
  • skill training
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