شناسایی چالش‌های نوآوری باز در شرکت‌های کوچک ‌و متوسط بر اساس مراحل طرح‌های نوآوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد کارآفرینی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 دکتری مدیریت استراتژیک، استادیار گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه شرکت‌های کوچک‌و متوسط به ‌عنوان یکی از حوزه‌هایی که توانایی بالایی در توسعه ملی و منطقه‌ای دارد شناخته می‌شوند و به بهبود فناوری محلی و توسعه کارآفرینان بومی کمک می‌کنند. نوآوری باز به‌طور گسترده‌ای به ‌عنوان موضوعی کلیدی در عرصه کسب‌وکار و محیط دانشگاهی تبدیل ‌شده است. ضرورت به ‌کارگیری نوآوری باز برای افزایش توان رقابتی شرکت‌ها در بازارهای داخلی و خارجی احساس می‌شود. شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط نیز به‌ عنوان یکی از بخش‌های مذکور، بایستی توانایی پاسخ نسبت به این تغییرات روز افزون را در خود ایجاد کنند. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی چالش‌های نوآوری باز در شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط می‌باشد. این پژوهش از نظر نوع به‌صورت کیفی(مطالعه موردی چندگانه)، ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش شناسی به ‌صورت توصیفی- تحلیلی می‌باشد. از این رو، با 21 نفر از نیروی انسانی 7 شرکت کوچک و متوسط مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختار یافته‌ای انجام ‌شده است. نتایج نشان داد که عدم برنامه‌ریزی در مورد شرکای پروژه، راهبرد نوآوری نامناسب، شرکای ناشناخته، ناسازگاری اهداف، نبود اعتماد اجتماعی، فشار زمانی، نبود منابع مالی، سیستم‌های اطلاعاتی و کنترلی نامناسب، تعریف مجدد اهداف، نادیده‌گیری تلاش شرکا، بروکراسی و بارهای اداری، نبود سیاست‌های نامناسب در راستای پذیرش نوآوری پیشرفته و عدم موفقیت در دستیابی به اهداف مدنظر، به‌ عنوان چالش‌های کلیدی شرکت‌های کوچک و متوسط در پذیرش نوآوری باز می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Identify open innovation challenges in small and medium-sized businesses based on the stages of innovation projects

نویسندگان [English]

  • Milad Bakhsham 1
  • hossein karimi 2
  • Mahdi Hosseinpour 3
1 Master of Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Master of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 PhD in Strategic Management, Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Social Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Today, small and medium enterprises are recognized as one of the areas that have a high potential for national and regional development and Help improve local technology and develop local entrepreneurs. Open innovation has become widely regarded as a key issue in business and academia. There is a need to use open innovation to increase the competitiveness of companies indoestic and foreign markets. Traditional small and medium sized enterprises, as one of these sector, must also be able to respond to these increasing changes . The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges of open innovation in traditional small and medium-sized businesses. This research is qualitative in terms of type (multiple case study), fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. Therefore, semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 21 members of the staff of 7 traditional small and medium companies that have a history of participating in pre-competition partnerships with industry and academia. The results showed that lack of planning for project partners, inappropriate innovation strategy, unknown partners, inconsistency of goals, lack of social trust, time pressure, lack of financial resources, Inadequate information and control systems, redefining goals, ignoring partners' efforts, bureaucracy and administrative work, lack of inappropriate policies in order to accept advanced innovation and failure to achieve the desired goals were identified as key challenges of this study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • National Development
  • SMEs
  • Open Innovation
  • Challenges
Agostini, L. and Nosella, A. (2019). “Inter-Organizational Relationships Involving Smes: A Bibliographic Investigation Into The State Of The Art”. Long Range Planning, 52(1), pp. 1-31.
Ahmadi, L. (2013). Investigating the impact of service businesses based on the development of open innovation in the information technology industry in Tehran. Master's thesis. School of Business Administration. Payam Noor university. Western branch of Tehran. }In Persian{
Asadifard, R. and Khaledi, A. (2019). “Challenges of asymmetric technological cooperation between large companies and small nanotechnology-oriented companies”. Science and Technology Policy, Volume 12, Number 3, pp. 15-30. }In Persian{
Ayandibu, A. O. and Houghton, J. (2017). “The Role Of Small And Medium Scale Enterprise In Local Economic Development (LED)”. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 11(2).
Azar, A., Kordnaeij, A., and Sadeghi, A. (2011). “Designing a mathematical model for prioritizing factors affecting the success of small and medium-sized businesses in the top technologies sector in Iran. Master's thesis. Faculty of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University. }In Persian{
Babaeifarsani, M., Amindost, F., and Alidadi, k. (2018). “Designing an open innovation model in small and medium-sized companies using data base theory. Organizational Knowledge Management, Volume 1, Number 2, pp. 95-136. }In Persian{
Berisha, G., and Pula, J. S. (2015). “Defining Small and Medium Enterprises: A Critical Review”. Academic Journal of Business, Administration, Law and Social Sciences, 1(1), ‌pp. 17-28.
Bertello, A., Ferraris, A., De Bernardi, P., and Bertoldi, B. (2022). Challenges to open innovation in traditional SMEs: an analysis of pre-competitive projects in university-industry-government collaboration. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal18(1), 89-104.
Bigliardi, B., Dormio, A. I., and Galati, F. (2012). “The Adoption Of Open Innovation Within The Telecommunication Industry”. European Journal of Innovation Management.
Brunswicker, S., and Vanhaverbeke, W. (2015). “Open Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (Smes): External Knowledge Sourcing Strategies and Internal Organizational Facilitators”. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), pp. 1241–1263.
Chesbrough, H. W. and Garman, A. R. (2009). “How Open Innovation Can Help You Cope In Lean Times”. Harvard business review, 87(12), pp. 68-76.
D’Este, P. and Patel, P. (2007). “University–Industry Linkages In The UK: What Are The Factors Underlying The Variety Of Interactions With Industry?”. Research policy, 36(9), pp. 1295-1313.
De Bernardi, P. and Azucar, D. (2020). “Innovation And Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Structure, Boundaries, And Dynamics”. In innovation in food ecosystems (pp. 73-104). Springer, Cham.
Dooley, L. and O’Sullivan, D. (2018). “Open Innovation Within The Low-Technology SME Sector”. Researching open innovation in SMEs.
Dufour, J. and Son, P. E. (2015). “Open Innovation In Smes–Towards Formalization Of Openness”. Journal of Innovation Management, 3(3), pp. 90-117.
Ebitu, E. T. (2016). “Marketing Strategies And The Performance Of Small And Medium Enterprises in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria”. British Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(5), pp. 51-62.
Enkel, E., Bogers, M., and Chesbrough, H. (2020). “Exploring Open Innovation In The Digital Age: A Maturity Model And Future Research Directions”. R & D Management, 50, pp.161-168.
Fadaei Tehrani, A., Salimi, M., Mostahfazian, M., and Orofzad, S. (2020).“Presenting a paradigmatic model of social capital development in sports organizations with a qualitative data base approach. Organizational Culture Management, Volume 18, Number 3, pp. 585-611.}In Persian{
Ferraris, A., Santoro, G., and Pellicelli, A. C. (2020). “Openness Of Public Governments In Smart Cities: Removing The Barriers For Innovation And Entrepreneurship”. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, pp. 1-22.
Giacosa, E., Ferraris, A., and Monge, F. (2017). “How To Strengthen The Business Model Of An Italian Family Food Business”. British Food Journal. 119, pp. 2309-2324.
Hirsch-Kreinsen, H., and Jacobson, D. (2008). “Innovation In Low-Tech Firms And Industries”. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Kamali Seyedbigli, M. and Taghizadehh, R. (2017).“Identifying and prioritizing factors affecting the success of small and medium enterprises using the process of fuzzy network analysis; Case study: companies located in the districts and industrial towns of Urmia city. Assembly and strategy. p. 291-318. }In Persian{
Lande, M., Shrivastava, R. L., and Seth, D. (2016). “Critical Success Factors For Lean Six Sigma In Smes (small and medium enterprises)”. The TQM Journal.
Manteghi, M ., Toloei, A., and Moshiri, B. (2013). “Examining the success factors of open innovation intermediary companies. Campus Technology Park, Year 10, No. 30, pp. 30-31 .}In Persian{
Mirfakhrodini, S. H., Dastranj, M., and Karimi Taklo, s. (2015). “Designing a conceptual model for the development of open innovation in science and technology parks using factor analysis. Public Management Research, Volume 8, Number 27, pp. 71-98.}In Persian{
Monsef, S., and Ismail, W. K. W. (2012). “The Impact Of Open Innovation In New Product Development Process”. International Journal of Fundamental Psychology & Social Sciences2(1), pp. 7-12.
Muller, P., Gagliardi, D., Caliandro, C., Bohn, N. U., Klitou, D., Zakai, H., ... & Mattes, A. (2014). “A partial and fragile recovery-Annual Report on European SMEs 2013/2014. Pervin, M. T., Sarker, B. K., and Begum, R. (2020). “Challenges and Benefits of SMEs in Bangladesh to Adopt Open Innovation: A Quantitative Study”. GSJ, 8(4).
Peykani, P., Namazi, M., & Mohammadi, E. (2022). ”Bridging the knowledge gap between technology and business: An innovation strategy perspectivePloS one17(4), e0266843.
Pletnev, D., and Barkhatov, V. (2016). “Business Success Of Small And Medium Sized Enterprises In Russia And Social Responsibility Of Managers”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 221, pp. 185-193.
Pullen, A., De Weerd‐Nederhof, P., Groen, A., Song, M., and Fisscher, O. (2009). “Successful Patterns Of Internal SME Characteristics Leading To High Overall Innovation Performance”. Creativity and Innovation Management, 18(3), pp. 209-223.
Radziwon, A., and Bogers, M. (2019). “Open Innovation In Smes: Exploring Inter-Organizational Relationships In An Ecosystem”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, pp. 573-587.
Safdari Ranjbar, M., Tavakoli, G., Manteghi, M., and Tabaeian, S. K. (2015). “Challenges facing the country's defense industries in the transition to the open innovation paradigm. Management Improvement, Volume 9, Number 2, pp. 55-75.}In Persian{
Sedyastuti, K., Suwarni, E., Rahadi, D. R., & Handayani, M. A. (2021, April). Human Resources Competency at Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Palembang Songket Industry. In 2nd Annual Conference on Social Science and Humanities (ANCOSH 2020) (pp. 248-251). Atlantis Press.
Siuta-Tokarska, B. (2021). “Smes during the covid-19 pandemic crisis. The sources of problems, the effects of changes, applied tools and management strategies—the example of poland”. Sustainability, 13(18), 10185.
Som, O., Kirner, E., and Jäger, A. (2015). “Non-R&D-Intensive Firms’ Innovation Sourcing”. In Low-tech innovation (pp. 113-144). Springer, Cham.
Tellis, W. (1997). “Application Of A Case Study Methodology”. The qualitative report3(3), pp. 1-19.
Van de Vrande, V., De Jong, J. P., Vanhaverbeke, W., and De Rochemont, M. (2009). “Open Innovation In Smes: Trends, Motives And Management Challenges”. Technovation29(6-7), pp. 423-437.
Vanhaverbeke, W., Vermeersch, I., and De Zutter, S. (2012). Open innovation in SME's: How can small companies and start-ups benefit from open innovation strategies?.
West, J., and Gallagher, S. (2006). “Challenges Of Open Innovation: The Paradox Of Firm Investment In Open‐Source Software”. R&d Management, 36(3), pp. 319-331.
Yuana, R., Prasetio, E. A., Syarief, R., Arkeman, Y., & Suroso, A. I. (2021). “System Dynamic and Simulation of Business Model Innovation in Digital Companies: An Open Innovation Approach”. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity7(4), 219.
Zhang, J., and Zeng, J. (2009). “An Open Innovation Model For Business Innovation Of Chinese Telecom Operators”. International Conference on Management and Service Science , pp. 1-4.