پیشرفت های نظری در تبیین گذارهای فناورانه، با تأکید بر نقش رویکرد سیستم های فنی - اجتماعی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران

2 .دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت فناوری، دانشکدۀ مدیریت دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

ظهور فناوری های جدید فقط به معنی تغییر یا نسخ فناوری های موجود نیست، بلکه مقارن با ساختارها و تنظیمات اجتماعی جدیدی است. ازاین رو، مدیریت گذار فناورانه صرفاً به معنی حمایت از تحقیقات و توسعۀ فناوری های نوظهور نیست و مستلزم حکمرانی صحیحِ تغییر از سیستم فنی - اجتماعی موجود به سیستم فنی - اجتماعی جدیدی است. توصیف این تغییرات از اهداف رویکردها و چارچوب های گوناگونی نظیر رویکرد سیستم های نوآوری (به ویژه رویکرد سیستم های نوآوری فناورانه) و رویکرد چند لایه ای است. نظریه پردازان بعضی از شاخه های مشتق از رویکرد چند لایه، یعنی مدیریت استراتژیک جاویژه ها و مدیریت گذار یا توسعه های مفهومی سیستم های نوآوری فناورانه مثل موتورهای نوآوری، رویکردی به مراتب تجویزی تر دارند. در این مقاله، با دیدگاه مقایسه ای، به سِیر شکل گیری این رویکردها،اشتراک ها و افتراق ها و بنیان های نظری ای می پردازیم که در سِیر توسعۀ این رویکردها مؤثر بوده اند. به نظر می رسد تلفیق بینش های حاصل از دو جریان اصلی، یعنی رویکردهای سیستم های نوآوری و رویکردهای مبتنی بر سیستم های فنی - اجتماعی، آیندۀ تحلیل و سیاست گذاری گذارهای فناورانه را شکل خواهد داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Theoretical Advances in Explaining Technological Transition, with Emphasis on Socio-technical Systems Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Saghafi 1
  • Mandana Azadegan-Mehr 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

The emergence of new technologies means not only substitution or changes in existing technologies, but also emergence of  new social settings and structures. Hence technological transition management is not simply supporting new technology  development, but proper governance of change from a socio-technical system to a new socio-technical system. Some main frameworks and approaches such as innovation systems approach and multi-layer perspective explain these technological  changes and transformations. Also some conceptual developments of theses main frameworks tend to follow a more  prescriptive orientation. This paper compares these frameworks, the path of formation and theoretical foundations  contributed to development of them. Growing convergence between innovation systems approach and multi-layer  perspective framework based on socio-technical system thinking and their branches in recent researches is seen and shows  that integration of insights of these approaches may provide new and more comprehensive rationale for policy making in the  field of technological transition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Technology Transition
  • Socio-technical Systems
  • Multi-layer Perspective (MLP)
  • Innovation Systems Approach

مراجع

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سیاست نامه علم و فناوری
دوره 08، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 23
ویژه نامه سیستم های نوآوری
مرداد 1397
صفحه 113-128

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 اسفند 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 اسفند 1397

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