مدل جامع نوآوری های دیجیتال در بحران کووید-19 با رویکرد فراترکیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت صنعتی ، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد ، واحد علوم و تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران ، ایران

2 گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران

3 استادیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک

چکیده

نوآوری پایدار برای بقا و موفقیت سازمان در فضای آشفته‌ی عصر دیجیتال، به ویژه در بحران کنونی همه‌گیری کووید-19 ضروری است. بسیاری از نوآوری‌های امروزی از ترکیبی از فناوری‌های دیجیتال استفاده می‌کنند و به زیرساخت‌های ارتباط از راه دور و دسترسی به اینترنت متکی هستند. تجربه یک ساله بحران کووید-19 نشان داده است که نوآوری‌های شکل گرفته در بستر دیجیتال تا چه حد توانسته است تاب‌آوری جامعه در برابر این بحران را افزایش دهد. در این راستا مطالعه حاضر با هدف ارائه مدل جامع نوآوری‌ها در بستر دیجیتال و نقش و تاثیر آنها در بحران کووید-19 انجام شده است. روش اصلی این تحقیق فراترکیب کیفی است که در آن از محاسبه ضریب کاپا برای ارزیابی مدل و همچنین محاسبه آنتروپی شانون برای تعیین ضریب اهمیت شاخص‌ها استفاده شده‌است. بدین منظور ابتدا، از طریق جستجوی کلیدواژه‌های مرتبط نسبت به استخراج مطالعات پیشین در رابطه با نوآوری‌های دیجیتال در دوران بحران کووید-19 اقدام شد و تعداد 634 مقاله یافت و در چهار مرحله متوالی غربال‌گری، 78 مقاله نهایی انتخاب شد. در ادامه شاخص‌های شناسایی شده در مقالات مختلف کدگذاری شده و با دسته‌بندی کدها، مضمون‌های اصلی شناسایی شد. نتایج نشان داد فناوری‌های مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی، اینترنت اشیاء، فناوری ابری و بلاکچین مهم‌ترین حوزه‌های نوآوری دیجیتال در دوران پاندمی کووید-19 هستند. همچنین بهداشت و درمان، آموزش و کسب و کار به‌عنوان حوزه‌های اصلی کاربرد نوآوری‌های دیجیتال در دوران پاندمی شناسایی شدند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Comprehensive Model of Digital Innovations in Covid19 Crisis with a Meta-Synthesis Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • peyman jafari sabdani 1
  • Leila Meshkinghalam 2
  • Ali Ehsani 3
1 Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Management and Economics, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, in industrial management Department,, Faculty administrative sciences and Economics, Arak university, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sustainable innovation is necessary for organizational survival as well as success in the turbulent environment of digital era, particularly in the currentCOVID-19 epidemic crisis. Many of today’s innovations employ a combination of digital technologies while relying on telecommunications infrastructure besides Internet access. The COVID-19 crisis one-year experience has revealed that to what extent the innovations formed in the digital context have succeeded to enhance society’s resilience to this crisis. In this regard, the present study was aimed at providing a comprehensive model of innovations in the digital context and their role and effect on the COVID-19 crisis. Qualitative meta-synthesis was the main method of this research, in which the kappa coefficient was calculated to assess the model and Shannon entropy was calculated to specify the significance coefficient of the indices. To this end, the previous studies on digital innovations over the COVID-19 crisis were first extracted through searching for relevant keywords and 634 papers were found that 78 of which were finalized at four consecutive screening stages. Subsequently, the identified indices in different papers were coded and the main themes were identified through categorizing the codes. The results revealed that technologies based on artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, cloud technologies, and blockchain are the fundamental areas of digital innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, health, education, and business were identified as the key areas for applying digital innovations during the pandemic.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Shannon Entropy
  • Blockchain
  • COVID-19 pandemic
  • Digital Innovation
  • Artificial Intelligence
ایزدی، محمد (1399). زنجیرۀ تشخیص: تشخیص و کنترل امن و کم‌خطر ویروس کرونا (کووید 19) بر بستر بلاکچین. پنجمین کنفرانس ملی مهندسی کامپیوتر و بلاکچین ایران.
حسینی، سیدعلی، عبدالوند، ندا،حسنی آذر، الهام (2018). بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش XBRL در شرکت ملی نفت ایران و شرکت‌های تابعۀ آن. دانش حسابداری و حسابرسی مدیریت، دورۀ 7، شمارۀ 25، 41–56.
زیبنده، حسین (1399). دستورکار پژوهش‏های خط‏مشی در حوزۀ حکمرانی اینترنت اشیا. سیاست‌نامۀ علم و فناوری، دورۀ 10، شمارۀ 3، 19-34.
شهبازی، محمد، کاظم پوریان، سعید، تقوا، محمدرضا (1399). بررسی کاربردی الگوریتم‌های اجماع استفاده‌شده در شبکه‌های بلاکچین. سیاست‌نامۀ علم و فناوری، دورۀ 10، شمارۀ 3، 35-54.
صائب‌نیا، سمیه، کریمی، کریمی (1399). بررسی تأثیر بیماری کرونا (کووید ـ 19) بر عملکرد کسب‌وکار (موردمطالعه: کسبوکارهای کوچک و متوسط استان اردبیل). چشم‌انداز حسابداری و مدیریت، دورۀ ۳، شمارۀ 24، ۸۳-۹۳.
نعیمی، علیرضا، معینی، علیرضا (1399). بررسی ظرفیت‌ها و کارکردهای رویکرد نوآوری صرفه‌جویانه در شرایط بحران کرونا و درس‌آموخته‌هایی برای دوران پساکرونا. سیاست‌نامۀ علم و فناوری، دورۀ 10، شمارۀ 2، 43-59.
Ågerfalk, P. J., Conboy, K., & Myers, M. D. (2020). “Information systems in the age of pandemics: COVID-19 and beyond”. European Journal of Information Systems, 29(3), 203–207. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2020.1771968
Agostino, D., Arnaboldi, M., & Lampis, A. (2020). “Italian state museums during the COVID-19 crisis: from onsite closure to online openness”. Museum Management and Curatorship, 35(4), 362–372.
Akram, M., Anjum, F., & Batool, Z. (2020). “COVID-19 : A Reason behind Digital Education in Pakistan”. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 11(4 SE-Articles), 19. Available in: https://doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0037
Kalla, A., Hewa, T., Mishra, R. A., Ylianttila, M., and Liyanage, M. (2020). “The Role of Blockchain to Fight Against COVID-19”,  in IEEE Engineering Management Review, 48(3), 85-96. Available in: doi: 10.1109/EMR.2020.3014052.
Bai, L., Yang, D., Wang, X., Tong, L., Zhu, X., Zhong, N., Bai, C., Powell, C. A., Chen, R., Zhou, J., Song, Y., Zhou, X., Zhu, H., Han, B., Li, Q., Shi, G., Li, S., Wang, C., Qiu, Z., … Tan, F. (2020). “Chinese experts’ consensus on the Internet of Things-aided diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)”. Clinical EHealth, 3, 7–15. Available in: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceh.2020.03.001
Balcombe, L., & De Leo, D. (2020). “An Integrated Blueprint for Digital Mental Health Services Amidst COVID-19”. JMIR Mental Health, 7(7), e21718–e21718. Available in: https://doi.org/10.2196/21718
Bayram, M., Springer, S., Garvey, C. K., & Özdemir, V. (2020). “COVID-19 Digital Health Innovation Policy: A Portal to Alternative Futures in the Making”. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, 24(8), 460–469. https://doi.org/10.1089/omi.2020.0089
Budd, J., Miller, B. S., Manning, E. M., Lampos, V., Zhuang, M., Edelstein, M., Rees, G., Emery, V. C., Stevens, M. M., Keegan, N., Short, M. J., Pillay, D., Manley, E., Cox, I. J., Heymann, D., Johnson, A. M., & McKendry, R. A. (2020). “Digital technologies in the public-health response to COVID-19”. Nature Medicine, 26(8), 1183–1192. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1011-4
Chang, M. C., & Park, D. (2020). “How Can Blockchain Help People in the Event of Pandemics Such as the COVID-19?” Journal of Medical Systems, 44(5), 102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-01577-8
Dewia, D. M., & Yuniarsab, S. O. (2020). “Economic Creativity and Strategic Learning Support To Innovative Ideas: A Meta Analysis”. Innovation, 14(5).
Fahey, R. A., & Hino, A. (2020). “COVID-19 , digital privacy, and the social limits on data-focused public health responses”. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102181.
Finsterwalder, J., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2020). “Equilibrating resources and challenges during crises: a framework for service ecosystem well-being”. Journal of Service Management.
Fletcher, G., & Griffiths, M. (2020). “Digital transformation during a lockdown”. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102185.
Heinonen, K., & Strandvik, T. (2020). “Reframing service innovation: COVID-19 as a catalyst for imposed service innovation”. Journal of Service Management.
Hosseini, A., Abdolvand, N., and Hasani Azar, E. (2018). “Evaluation of Factors Affecting Adoption of XBRL in the National Iranian Oil Company and its Subsidiary Companies”. Journal of Management Accounting and Auditing Knowledge, 7(25), pp. 41-56. {In Persian}
Hussain, A. A., Bouachir, O., Al-Turjman, F., & Aloqaily, M. (2020). “AI techniques for COVID-19”. IEEE Access, 8, 128776–128795.
Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2020). “On the responsible use of digital data to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic”. Nature Medicine, 26(4), 463–464.
Iivari, N., Sharma, S., & Ventä-Olkkonen, L. (2020). “Digital transformation of everyday life–How COVID-19 pandemic transformed the basic education of the young generation and why information management research should care?” International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102183.
International Health Regulations (2005), WHO Headquarters (HQ),NUMBER OF PAGES 91,REFERENCE NUMBERS, ISBN: 9789241580496
Izadi, M (2020). Diagnosis Chain: Safe and Low-Risk Diagnosis and Control of Corona Virus (Covid 19) on Blockchain, 5th National Conference on Computer and Blockchain Engineering, Iran, Tehran. . https://civilica.com/doc/1037957 {In Persian}
Jahanmir, S. F., & Cavadas, J. (2018). “Factors affecting late adoption of digital innovations”. Journal of Business Research, 88, 337–343.
Kadakia, K., Patel, B., & Shah, A. (2020). “Advancing digital health: FDA innovation during COVID-19”. Npj Digital Medicine, 3(1), 1–3.
Kalla, A., Hewa, T., Mishra, R. A., Ylianttila, M., & Liyanage, M. (2020). “The role of blockchain to fight against COVID-19”. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 48(3), 85–96.
Kaplan, M., Kneifel, C., Orlikowski, V., Dorff, J., Newton, M., Howard, A., Shinn, D., Bishawi, M., Chidyagwai, S., & Balogh, P. (2020). “Cloud Computing for COVID-19 : Lessons Learned From Massively Parallel Models of Ventilator Splitting”. Computing in Science & Engineering, 22(6), 37–47.
Lai, L., Sato, R., Ouchi, K., Landman, A. B., & Zhang, H. M. (2020). “Digital health innovation to integrate palliative care during the COVID-19 pandemic”. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.
Lee, S. M., & Trimi, S. (2020). “Convergence innovation in the digital age and in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis”. Journal of Business Research, 123, 14–22.
Manthiou, A. (2020). “Applying the EEE customer mindset in luxury: reevaluating customer experience research and practice during and after corona”. Journal of Service Management.
Marbouh, D., Abbasi, T., Maasmi, F., Omar, I. A., Debe, M. S., Salah, K., Jayaraman, R., & Ellahham, S. (2020). “Blockchain for COVID-19 : Review, Opportunities, and a Trusted Tracking System”. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 1–17.
Mhlanga, D., & Moloi, T. (2020). “COVID-19 and the Digital Transformation of Education: What Are We Learning on 4IR in South Africa?” Education Sciences, 10(7), 180.
Mora Cortez, R., & Johnston, W. J. (2020). “The Coronavirus crisis in B2B settings: Crisis uniqueness and managerial implications based on social exchange theory”. Industrial Marketing Management, 88, 125–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.05.004
Naimi, A., Moini, A. (2020). “Investigating the Capacities and Applications of the Frugal Innovation Approach in the COVID-19 Crisis and Its Implications for the Post-COVID-19 Era”. Science and Technology Policy Letters, 10(2), 43-59. {In Persian}
Nasajpour, M., Pourieh, S., Paris, R. M., Droudchi, M., Valero, M., and Arabnia, H.R. (2020). The Internet of Things in the time of Covid-19 and the future epidemics: An exploratory study. Journal of Health Care Informatics Research, 1-40. {In Persian}
Papadopoulos, T., Baltas, K. N., & Balta, M. E. (2020). “The use of digital technologies by small and medium enterprises during COVID-19 : Implications for theory and practice”. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102192.
Rahman, M. S., Peeri, N. C., Shrestha, N., Zaki, R., Haque, U., and Ab Hamid, S. H. (2020). “Defending against the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19 ) outbreak: How can the Internet of Things (IoT) help to save the world?” Health Policy and Technology.
Robbins, T., Hudson, S., Ray, P., Sankar, S., Patel, K., Randeva, H., and Arvanitis, T. N. (2020). COVID-19 : A new digital dawn? SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England.
Saebnia, S., Karimi, F. (2020). “A survey the Impact of Corona Disease (Covid-19) on Business Performance of Small and medium businesses of Ardabil province”. Journal of Accounting and Management Vision, 3(24), 83-93. {In Persian}
Sandelowski, M.; Barroso, J. (2007). Handbook for Synthessizing Qualitative Research. New York: Springer.
Sharma, S., Singh, G., Sharma, R., Jones, P., Kraus, S., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020). “Digital health innovation: exploring adoption of COVID-19 digital contact tracing apps”. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management.
Singh, R. P., Javaid, M., Haleem, A., and Suman, R. (2020). “Internet of things (IoT) applications to fight against COVID-19 pandemic”. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(4), 521–524.
Shahbazi, M., Kazem Pourian, S., Taghva, M. (2020). “An applied investigation of Consensus Algorithms Used in Blockchain Networks”. Science and Technology Policy Letters, 10(3), 35-54. {In Persian}
Torous, J., Myrick, K. J., Rauseo-Ricupero, N., & Firth, J. (2020). “Digital mental health and COVID-19 : using technology today to accelerate the curve on access and quality tomorrow”. JMIR Mental Health, 7(3), e18848.
Tuli, S., Tuli, S., Tuli, R., and Gill, S. S. (2020). “Predicting the growth and trend of COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning and cloud computing”. Internet of Things, 11, 100222.
Visca, D., Tiberi, S., Pontali, E., Spanevello, A., and Migliori, G. B. (2020). Tuberculosis in the time of COVID-19: quality of life and digital innovation. Eur Respiratory Soc.
World Health Organization (‎2021)‎. Weekly Epidemiological Record, vol. 96, 10 [‎full issue]‎. Availbale in: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/340084
Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., and Yu, T. (2020). “Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study”. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 475–481.
Zhao, J., Rodriguez, M. A., and Buyya, R. (2020). “High-Performance Mining of COVID-19 Open Research Datasets for Text Classification and Insights in Cloud Computing Environments”. 2020 IEEE/ACM 13th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing (UCC), 302–309.
Zibandeh, H. (2020). “A research agenda for policymaking in the Internet of Things governance”. Science and Technology Policy Letters, 10(3), 19-34. {In Persian}