چالش‌های معرفتی در حکمرانی فناوری و ارائۀ راهکارهایی برای جمهوری اسلامی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران

2 پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه

چکیده

تکنولوژی به عنوان یک پیشران اساسی در حوزه های خط‌مشی‌گذاری نظام علم و نوآوری پیامدهای زیادی، بر عرصه‌های مختلف پیشرفت در کشور داشته و سرعت و شتاب روزافزون تولید، تکامل و انتقال تکنولوژی اهمیت ضرورت شناخت تحولات و تغییرات در این عرصه را دو چندان نموده و فقر دانشی و نظری نسبت به ماهیت تکنولوژی، کارکردها وپیامدهای آن، بسترساز پدیده تأخر مدیریتی و سیاستی در این عرصه شده است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش شناسایی چالشهای معرفتی حکمرانی تکنولوژی و ارائه راهکارهایی برای جمهوری اسلامی ایران است. بر همین اساس سوال این پژوهش بدین صورت طرح می‌گردد که «بر اساس پژوهش‌های انجام گرفته، چالشهای معرفتی در حکمرانی تکنولوژی چیست و چه راهکارهایی برای جمهوری اسلامی ایران میتوان ارائه داد؟». روش انجام پژوهش بصورت تحلیل اسنادی و تحلیل مضمون بوده و از پژوهش‌های انجام گرفته در حوزه مطالعات علم، تکنولوژی و جامعه در بازه 10 سال اخیر بهره‌گیری شده است. از جمله مهمترین چالشهای بنیادین در حکمرانی تکنولوژی می‌توان به ابهام معرفت شناختی در ماهیت و فلسفه تکنولوژی، تکنولوژی و سلطه سیاسی، تکنولوژی و زوال اجتماعات واقعی، جبرگرایی تکنولوژیک، سیطره تکنولوژی بر فرهنگ (تکنوپولی)، تکنولوژی و قدرت تغییردهندگی، تکنولوژی و گسترش نابرابری ، تکنولوژی و هنجارسازی، تکنولوژی و تغییر الگوی توسعه اقتصادی، تکنولوژی و شکل گیری جهان مرکز – پیرامون، تکنولوژی و ازخودبیگانگی، تکنولوژی و تغییر الگوی مصرف، تکنولوژی و پیامدهای اخلاقی، تکنولوژی و تغییر سبک زندگی و ... اشاره نمود که در محورهای چالشهای فلسفی و معرفتشناختی، چالشهای فرهنگی اجتماعی، چالشهای سیاسی و چالشهای اقتصادی قابل تفکیک و دسته‌بندی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Theoretical Challenges in Technology Governance and recommendations for the Islamic Republic of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Heidar Najafi Rastaghi 1
  • hamid dehghanian 2
2 Research Institute of Hawzeh and University
چکیده [English]

Technology, as a fundamental driver in the fields of science system and innovation system, has had many consequences on various areas of progress in the country and the increasing speed and acceleration of production, evolution and transfer of technology has intensified the importance of recognizing the changes and changes in this field.The lack of knowledge and theory about the nature, functions and consequences of technology, has led to the phenomenon of managerial and policy delays in this area. The purpose of this study is to identify the epistemological challenges in technology governance and recommendations for the Islamic Republic of Iran with the aim of identifying gaps in this field. Accordingly, the question of this research is posed as follows: "What are the epistemological challenges in technology governance and what recommendations can be made for the Islamic Republic of Iran?". The research method is documentary analysis and content analysis and the research conducted in the field of science, technology and society studies in the last 10 years has been used. Among the most fundamental challenges in technology governance are epistemological ambiguity in the nature and philosophy of technology, technology and political domination, technology and the decline of real communities, technological determinism, technological dominance of culture (technology), technology and the power of change, technology and the spread of inequality. , Technology and norm-making, technology and changing the pattern of economic development, technology and the formation of the center-periphery world, technology and alienation, technology and changing consumption patterns, technology and moral consequences, technology and changing lifestyles, and so on. These challenges are categorized into philosophical and epistemological challenges, socio-cultural challenges, political challenges and economic challenges.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Technology
  • policy making
  • governance
  • progress
  • policy research
Abedi, Z. (1997). A Study of Industrial-Technological Developments in 1327-72 and Presenting Necessary Strategies for Transferring Appropriate Technology. Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance Publications. }in Persian{
Adib Haj Bagheri, M., Parvizi, S. and Salsali, M. (2015). Qualitative research methods. Tehran: Bashari Publications. }in Persian{
Aghaie, S., and Rasooli Sani Abadi, E. (2011). “INFORMATION REVOLUTION AND ITS EFFECT ON NATIONAL SECURITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORIES”. POLITICAL QUARTERLY, 41(3), pp. 23-37. }in Persian{
Ahmed, J. U. (2010). “Documentary Research Method: New Dimensions”. Indus Journal of Management & Social Sciences, 4, pp. 1-14.
Alizadeh Mamaqani, R., Sadeqiyeh, P. (2016). “Paradox of Refusal of Moral Issue in Technology”. 9(34), pp. 7-24. }in Persian{
AliZamani, A. (2000). “The nature of technology from Heidegger's point of view”. Name-ye-Mofid, no. 23.  }in Persian{
Asadi, M., Musavi Mehr, M. (2010). “The ‘Nature of Technology’ in Heidegger‎'s Philosoph”. Wisdom And Philosophy, 6(21), pp. 49-69. }in Persian{
Bagherian, M. H. (2007). “Economic backwardness and the role of technology in advancing it”. World Economy Newspaper, No. 1404. }in Persian{
Bahrampour, Sh. A. (2004). “Social Cohesion in the Information Society: A View of the Situation in Iran”. Iran Seminar and the Information Society. }in Persian{
Berger, P, and Luckmann, T. (1966). “The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge”. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
Bimber, Bruce (1994). “Three Faces of Technological Determinism.” In M. R. Smith and L. Marx, (eds.), Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemmas of Technological Determinism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 79–100.
Bloor, D. (1991). Knowledge and Social Imagery. 2nd edn (first published 1976). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1999). “The Specificity of the Scientific Field and the Social Conditions of the Progress of Reason”. Tr. Richard Nice In M. Biagioli (ed.), The Science Studies Reader (first published 1973). New York: Routledge, pp. 31–50.
Callon, M (1987). “Society in the Making: The Study of Technology as a Tool for Sociological Analysis”. In W. E. Bijker, T. P. Hughes and T. J. Pinch, (eds.), The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 83–103.
Castells, M. (1998). The Rise of the Network Society. vol. 1. Oxford: Blackwell.
Castells, M. (2001). Information age, the power of identity. Translated by Hassan Chavoshian. Tehran: New Plan Publications. }in Persian{
Cozzens, S. (2007). “Knowledge and Development.” In E. J. Hackett, O. Amsterdamska, M. Lynch and J. Wajcman (eds.), The Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, 3rd edn. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 787–811.
Daft, R. (1998). Organization theory and design. Translated by Ali Parsaiyan and Seyed Mohammad Arabi. First Edition. first volume. Tehran: Cultural Research Publications and Office. }in Persian{
Daymon, C. and Holloway, I. (2005). Qualitative Research Methods in Public Relations and Marketing Communications. London and U.S.: Routlege
Dickson, David (1988) The New Politics of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Ebrahimabadi, H. (2014). “A Study of the Relationship between Information Technology and Changes in Culture and Social Relationship”. Journal of Iranian Cultural Research, 6(4), pp. 83-106. }in Persian{
Eivazi, M., Keshavarz Turk, E. (2014). “Culturised planning system in Islamic Revolution with Futures studies approach”. 3(9), pp. 1-22. }in Persian{
Eslami, R, and Zolfagharian, F. (2013). “Technology and the rotation of political security”. Journal of Development Strategy, 36(1), pp.23-41 }in Persian{
Fathullahzadeh, R. (2011). “Herbert Blumer and Alienatio”. Shargh Newspaper, No. 1286. }in Persian{
Feather, J. (1998). The Information Society. London: Library Association Publication. 2nd ed.
Ghaneirad, M. (2010). “Cultural Dichotomies of Technology (Cultural Sociology and technology Analysis)”. Journal of Iranian Cultural Research, 2(4), pp. 107-146. }in Persian{
Hacking, I. (1999). The Social Construction of What?. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hajfathali, A. (1993). Technology development, review of concepts and decision-making process. {in Persian{
Hoodashtian, A. (2002). Modernity, Globalization and Iran. Chapakhsh Publishing.
Hubbard, R. Henifin, M. and Fried, B. (1979). Women Look at Biology Looking at Women: A Collection of Feminist Critiques. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman
Inayatullah, S. (2007). Questioning the Future (Methods and Tools for Organizational and Societal Transformation). Tamkang University. 3th ed.
Jahanbegloo, Ramin (2005). Between Past and Future. Ney Publication. }in Persian{
Jonas, H. (1973). “Technology and Responsibility: Reflections on the New Task of Ethics”. Social Research, 40 (1), pp. 315.
Kaffashi, M. (2008). “Information society; Transition from mechanical social cohesion to organic social cohesion”, Sociological Researches, 2(2), pp. 113-135. }in Persian{
Kaffash, M. (2021). “The role of Durehami TV comedy program in socio-cultural vitality”. Sociological Researches, 15(3), pp. 113-135.
Kelly, K. (1994). technology and economy, US: Amazon Publication.
Khosrowpanah, A., and Yazdanifar, S. (2017). “Managemental System of Jurisprudence and the Process of Policymaking and Planning”, 9(36), pp. 7-41. }in Persian{
Kitcher, Ph. (2001). Science, Truth, and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kiwi, R. and Luke Van, C. (2010). Research Methods in Social Sciences. NikGohar Abdolhossein Tehran: Totia. }in Persian{
Kuhn, Thomas S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd edn (1st edn 1962). Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Laird, Frank (1993) “Participatory Analysis, Democracy, and Technological Decision Making.” Science, Technology & Human, 18(3), pp. 341-361.
Latour, Bruno (1987). Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Mahmoudnejad, E. (2001). Managing the future with tomorrow's technology. Tehran, Iran Institute Publications. }in Persian{
Martin, W. J. (1995). The Global Information Society. Hampshire: Aslib Gower.
Mehdizadeh, M., Tavakkol M. (2007). “Science and Technology Studies: A Review on Sociological Backgrounds of Technology”. JPBUD, 12(4), pp. 85-124. }in Persian{
Merton, Robert K. (1973). The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations. (ed.) N. W. Storer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Mohseni, M. (2001). Sociology of the information society. Tehran: Didar Publishing. }in Persian{
Nad, R. (2006). “Technology Development and its Environmental Impacts”. Quarterly journal of Industrial Technology Development, 4(10), pp. 36-44. }in Persian{
Navabakhsh, F. (2014). “The Changes of Lifestyle in the Process of Modern Technologies’ Development”. Journal of Iranian Social Development Studies, 6(2), pp. 45-63. }in Persian{
Omidali, M., Hosseini, S. (2012). “A Critical Review of the Prominent Media Technology Theories”. Interdisciplinary Studies in Media and Culture, 2(2), 25-37. }in Persian{
Porter, M. E. (1985). “competitive advantage”. New York, Azad newspaper, pp. 166-169.
Postman, N. (1997). Technopoly: The surrender of culture to technology. Translated by Tabatabai.Tehran: Ettelaat Publication. }in Persian{
Price, D. (1965). “Networks of Scientic Papers”. Science. 149, pp. 510-515.
Robertson, R. (2001). Globalization. Translated by Kamal Poladi. Tehran: Third Edition and International Center for the Dialogue of Civilizations. }in Persian{
Sadeqi Fasai, S., Erfanmanesh, I. (2015). “Methodological Principles of Documentary Research in Social Sciences; Case of Study: Impacts of Modernization on Iranian Family”. 8(29), pp. 61-91. }in Persian{
Saeedi, R. (2004). “Information Society, Challenges, Opportunities”. Iran Seminar and the Information Society. }in Persian{
Sclove, R. (1995). Democracy and Technology. New York: Guilford Press.
Scott, J. (1990). A Matter of Record-documentary Sources in Social Research. Cambridge: Polity.
Sharif, N. (2006). “Emergence and Development of the National Innovation Systems Concept”. Research Policy, 35, pp. 745–66.
Sharifzadeh, Rahman (2020). "Technology, man and society, Latour's view of technology." Sadra Quarterly, 22(1), pp. 66-73. }in Persian{
Shiravand, M., Azimi, S. (2017). “The Evaluation of Technology and Technological ethics In light of the Explanation of the Religious Anthropolog”. Religious Anthroplogy, 14(37), pp. 225-250. }in Persian{
Sismondo, S. (2017). Introduction to Science and Technology Studies, Translation by Khoshnevis. Yaser, Tehran: Radio and Television Publications.
Slaughter, S., Leslie, L. (1997). Academic Capitalism: Politics, Policies, and the Entrepreneurial University. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Slaughter, S , Rhoades, G. (2004). Academic Capitalism and the New Economy: Markets, State, and Higher Education. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Stewart, D. and Kamis, M. S. (1984). Secondary Research: Information Sources and Methods. CA: Sage.
Taghian, A. and Pirmoradi, M. J. (2017). “The nature of technology from the perspective of transcendent wisdom”. the Second International Congress of Humanities and Cultural Studies. }in Persian{
Tavakol, M. (1994). “Formal and Content Parameters of Technology Transfer: An Issue in the Sociology of Science and Technology”, Social Science Letter, 7(1), pp. 1-8. }in Persian{
Unido (1989). “Technology management in developing country”. Report. Vienna.
Vincenti, Walter G. (1995). “The Technical Shaping of Technology: Real-World Constraints and Technical Logic in Edison’s Electrical Lighting System”. Social Studies of Science, 25, pp. 553–74.
Wallerstein, I. (2011). The Modern World-System. vol. IV: Centrist Liberalism Triumphant. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 1789–1914.
Webster, F. (2001). Information society theories. Translated by Ismail Ghadimi. Tehran: Ghasidesara Publications. }in Persian{
Winner, L. (1986). “Do Artifacts Have Politics?” in Langdon Winner, The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 19–39.
Zargar, Z. (2016). “Responding to Islamic ethics to the moral challenges arising from modern technology”. Culture strategy, 9(34), pp. 91-113. }in Persian{