چرخه های همپایی و تغییرات در رهبری صنعتی: پنجره های فرصت و پاسخ بنگاه ها و کشورها در تکامل نظام های بخشی

نوع مقاله : ترجمه

نویسندگان

1 خاتم الانبیاء

2 معاونت فاوا - قرارگاه پدافند هوایی خاتم الانبیاء (ص)

چکیده

هدف این مطالعه ارائه چارچوبی در مورد چرایی پدیده تغییرات پی در پی در رهبری صنعتی (چرخه هم پایی) است که در بخش های گوناگون صنعت اتفاق می افتند. در چرخه های هم پایی، بنگاه ها و کشورهایی که دیرتر وارد صنعت شده اند در مقام رهبرانی بین المللی پدیدار می شوند، در حالی که رهبران کنونی صنعت، موقعیت قبلی خود را از دست می دهند. پس از مدتی، تازه واردان دیگری رهبرانی را که اخیرا به موقعیت رهبری دست یافته اند از این موقعیت برکنار می کنند. این مقاله، برای شناسایی عوامل اساسی موثر بر هم پایی، چارچوب نظام بخشی اتخاذ کرده است و پنجره های فرصتی را که ممکن است در طول تکامل بلندمدت صنعتی پدیدار شوند شناسایی کرده است. این مطالعه سه پنجره ارائه کرده است که هر یک به ابعاد خاصی از نظام بخشی مرتبط است: بعد نخست به تغییرات در دانش و فناوری مربوط است. بعد دوم به تغییرات در تقاضا و بعد سوم به تغییرات در سیاست های عمومی و نهادها مربوط است. ترکیبی از بازشدن پنجره ای به صورت فناورانه یا مبتنی بر تقاضا یا سیاستی - نهادی و نیز پاسخ بنگاه ها و دیگر اجزای نظام بخشی کشورهای تازه وارد و رهبران کنونی صنعت، تعیین کننده تغییرات در رهبری صنعتی و هم پایی اند. بخش ها با توجه به نوع پنجره هایی که ممکن است باز شوند و پاسخ بنگاه ها و دیگر اجزای نظام با هم متفاوت اند. همچنین در این مقاله شواهدی تجربی از چرخه های هم پایی مربوط به شش بخش ارائه شده اند که عبارت اند از: گوشی های موبایل، دوربین، نیمه هادی ها، فولاد، هواپیماهای جت در اندازه متوسط و نوشیدنی ها.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Catch-up Cycles and Changes in Industrial leadership:Windows of Opportunity and Responses of Firms and Countries in the Evolution of Sectoral Systems

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Khanahmadloo 1
  • Massoud Moghaddas 2
چکیده [English]

This study proposes a framework that aims to explain why successive changes in industry leadership(catch-up cycle) occur over time in a sector. In catch-up cycles, latecomer firms and countries emerge as international  leaders, whereas incumbents lose their previous positions. New leaders are then dethroned by newcomers. To  identify factors at the base of catch-up cycles, this article adopts a sectoral system framework and identifies  windows of opportunity that may emerge during the long-run evolution of an industry. This study proposes  three windows related to the specific dimensions of a sectoral system. One dimension is related to changes in  knowledge and technology. The second dimension pertains to changes in demand, and the third includes  changes in institutions and public policy. The combination of the opening of a window (technological, demand,  or institutional/policy)and the responses of firms and other components of the sectoral system of the  latecomer and incumbent countries determines changes in industrial leadership and catch-up. Sectors differ  according to the type of windows that may open and the responses of firms and other components of systems.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Industrial leadership
  • Catch-up
  • Sectoral systems
  • Windows of Opportunity
  • Leapfrogging strategies
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