تاب آوری جوامع در برابر اثرات رخدادهای اقلیمی؛ نه به مهاجرت

نوع مقاله : ویژه‌نامه «سیاستگذاری مهاجرت‌»

نویسنده

رصدخانه مهاجرت ایران

چکیده

رخداد مخاطرات اقلیمی در مناطق مختلف جهان، همه ساله منجر به آسیب‌پذیری افراد زیادی در سراسر جهان می‌شود که بر امنیت آب و غذا و جان افراد اثر گذار است. در برخی موارد این امر منجر به جابه‌جایی و مهاجرت افراد در جست و جوی محیط امن برای زندگی می‌شود. از این رو برای کاهش آسیب‌پذیری جوامع و افراد، تاب‌آوری به عنوان یکی از رویکردهای سازگاری در برابر مخاطرات محیطی و به منظور کاهش آسیب‌پذیری به کار گرفته می‌شود. در این مقاله با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی به ارائه‌ی مفاهیم، اصول و دیدگاه‌ها در زمینه تاب‌آوری اقلیمی پرداخته شده است. سپس تجربه کشورهای مختلف از جمله ایران در زمینه به کارگیری دانش بومی و فناوری در افزایش تاب‌آوری اقلیمی مورد تحلیل و ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. بررسی تجارب کشورهای مختلف نشان می‌دهد که برخی کشورها با تکیه بر دانش بومی و امکانات در دسترس توانسته‌اند جوامع خود را تاب‌آور کنند و برخی دیگر با سرمایه‌گذاری در بخش آموزش، مشارکت مدنی و تقویت زیر‌ ساخت‌ها، تاب‌آوری اقلیمی جوامع و افراد را تقویت کرده‌اند. همچنین افراد زیادی توانسته‌اند با حمایت دولت و سازمان‌های خصوصی با به کا‌‌ر گیری فناوری سیستم هشدار زودهنگام، هوش مصنوعی، خودسازماندهی و تنوع اقتصادی محیط زندگی خود را در برابر مخاطرات محیطی تاب‌آور کنند و در محل زندگی خود ماندگار شوند. بررسی تجارب ایران نشان می‌دهد از دیرباز تاب‌آوری جوامع بر مبنای دانش بومی بوده است و به کارگیری فناوری مدرن به دلیل دانش پایین افراد، هزینه بالا و عدم دسترسی آسان کاربرد گسترده‌ای ندارد. از اینرو برای تاب‌آور کردن مناطق مختلف ایران افزایش آگاهی جامعه در مواجه با مخاطرات محیطی، تقویت زیرساخت‌ها، ادغام دانش بومی با فناوری و ارائه سیاست‌های تاب‌آوری با توجه به ویژگی‌های هر منطقه به منظور تقویت جنبه‌های کاربردی دانش و تجربه در کنار فناوری ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Building Climate-Resilient Communities; Say No to Migration

نویسنده [English]

  • Maryam Edalat Moghadam
Iran Migration Observatory
چکیده [English]

Climate-related disasters triggered displacements of millions of people worldwide. In addition to displacement, the negative consequences of climate change have caused water scarcity, food insecurity, and many other issues such as conflict and political insecurity. Building resilient communities is a key adaptation strategy to combat the impacts of climate change and rely on adaptation policies. Thus, to better withstand the negative impacts of such shocks and recover quickly and strongly from them, countries adopt policies to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and societies. In this paper, the concepts, principles, and perspectives on climate resilience were presented with a descriptive-analytic approach. Then, the experience of various countries, including Iran, on climate resilience by applying indigenous knowledge and technologies to build climate resilience was analyzed. Examining the experiences of different countries shows that some countries have been able to make their societies resilient based on indigenous knowledge and available facilities, while others have been able to invest in education, citizen participation, and infrastructure enhancement. In addition, with the support of the government and private organizations, by applying technology such as early warning systems and artificial intelligence, and relying on self-organization and economic diversity many people have been able to make their living environment resilient and not migrate from their homes. The review shows that Iran's regional experiments on the climate resilience of societies have long been based on indigenous knowledge and that the use of modern technology is not widely used because of poor knowledge of people, high costs, and lack of easy access. Therefore, in order to make the various regions of Iran more resilient, to raise society's awareness of environmental hazards, strengthen infrastructure, integrate indigenous knowledge with technology, and provide resilience policies according to the characteristics of each region reinforce the applied knowledge aspect and experience needed with the technology.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: climatic hazards
  • displacement
  • migration
  • adaptation to environmental hazards
  • resilience
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