Explaining the Science and Technology Diplomacy Approaches of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Document Type : Original research

Authors

Islamic Azad University Tehran Branch

Abstract

Today, the importance of science and technology has increased so much that it is known as one of the components of national power in countries. On the other hand, the complexity of science and technology issues is so wide that countries need to expand cooperation with other countries in order to solve national and transnational issues, achieve development, etc. For this purpose, countries follow different approaches in science and technology diplomacy to achieve their diverse goals. The Islamic Republic of Iran also seeks to use different approaches of science and technology diplomacy to realize the goals of its science and technology policy. For this reason, the main goal of the article is to identify and explain the approaches of science and technology diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the researchers, using a multi-method methodology, first with a systematic review method, sought to answer the question of what approaches to science and technology diplomacy have existed in the world, and then with a theme analysis method in the government sources of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. They identified and explained the science and technology diplomacy approach of our country. According to the systematic review of the results of scientific books and articles, it was determined that until 2022, twelve approaches to science and technology diplomacy including influence, dependence, linking, cooperation, science development, opportunity creation, partnership, attraction, innovation, branding There has been a scientific mobilization and a global approach of science in the world, and by analyzing the themes of the top documents of the foreign policy of Iran, it was determined that the Islamic Republic of Iran has paid attention to seven approaches in science and technology diplomacy.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. AbdulHosseinzadeh, M. (2014). “New Approaches in Science and Technology Diplomacy”. Periodical Science Transplantation, 6 (1), pp. 25-30. {in Persian}.

    Abedi Jafari, H., Taslimi, M S., Faqihi, A., and Sheikhzadeh, M. (2010). “Thematic Analysis and Network of Themes, a Simple and Efficient Method to Explain the Patterns in Qualitative Data”, Strategic Management Journal, 5th year, 2nd issue, Autumn and Winter 2010, Consecutive number 10, pp.151-198. DOI: 10.30497/SMT.2011.163, {in Persian}.

    Bojang AS. (2018). “The Study of Foreign Policy in International Relations”, Journal of Political Sciences and Public Affairs,2018, 6:4. DOI: 10.4172/2332-0761.1000337.

    Comprehensive document on Iran's international scientific relations - approved in 2017, {in Persian}.

    1. Gluckman, P., L., Goldson, S., and S. Beedle, Alan. (2012). “How a Small Country Can Use Science Diplomacy: A View from New Zealand”, Science and Diplomacy, Vol. 1, No. 2 (June 2012). http://www.Sciencediplomacy.org/perspective/2012/how-sma;;-country-can-use-science-diplomacy.

    Davis, L., and Patman, R. (2016). Diplomacy of Science, New Dawn or False Dawn, translated by: Javad Mashaikh, Efat Nowrozi, Saeeda Sarmi, Tehran, Rasa, first edition, P 22. {in Persian}.

    Davoudi, A A. (2013). “Iran's Science and Technology Diplomacy in Afghanistan: Opportunities and Challenges”, Periodical Strategic Policy Research, Third Year, Number 11, Winter 2013, pp. 103-127. {in Persian}.

    Directorate general of global affairs, development and partnerships. (2013). Science Diplomacy for France, P. 3. https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/science-diplomacy-for-france-2013_cle83c9d2.pdf.

    Document of comprehensive scientific map of the country - approved in 2009, {in Persian}.

    General policies of science and technology of leadership, on September 29, 2013, {in Persian}.

    Jafarnejad, A., and Mohseni, M. (2015). Combining lean, agile, resilient and sustainable approaches in the business supply chain, Tehran, Braind Poish, first edition, P. 28. {in Persian}.

    Kolayi, E., and Hosseini Taghi-abadi, S M. (2018). “Iran's Scientific Diplomacy in Relations with Armenia”, Central Asia and Caucasus Quarterly, No. 108, Winter 2018, pp. 169-196. {in Persian}.

    Mohammadi, M. (2009). Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Principles and Issues, Tehran, Judge, fifth edition. P. 20. {in Persian}.

    Mohseni Sohi, H S., and Mohseni Sohi, F S. (2014). “the Effect of Science and Technology Diplomacy on Increasing the Soft Power of the Islamic Republic of Iran”, Bi-Quarterly Journal of Management in Islamic University, Year 4, Number 1, Spring and Summer 2014, pp.116-97. {in Persian}.

    Mokramipour, M B., Javadi Arjamand, M J., Bagherinia, H., and Jahan-ara, H. (1401). “The Effect of Science and Technology Diplomacy on Iran's National Power in the World Arena”, Periodical Knowledge of Political Commentary, Year 4, Number 12, summer 1401, pp. 30-53. {in Persian}.

    Noormohammadi, M., and Mohammadipour, T. (2017). “Scientific Diplomacy in Iran's Foreign Documents and How to Interact with International Organizations - A Case Study: CERN, Tuas and Isko”, two quarterly journals of the Iranian Research Journal of International Politics International, 7th year, 1st issue, autumn and winter 2017, pp.165-183. https://doi.org/10.22067/jipr.v7i1.63956, {in Persian}.

    Nowrozani, B. (2018). “Diplomacy and Diplomatic Mission”, Qazvin, Imam Khomeini International University Publications (RA), third edition, P 12. {in Persian}.

    Riordan, Sh., and Torres Jarrin, M. (2020). “Global Policy Perspective Report Science Diplomacy”, Salamanca – Stockholm - European Institute of International Studies, https://www.ieeiweb.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Science-Diplomacy.pdf

    Rouhani, H. (2016). Iran again, the program of the 12th government, freedom, security, peace, progress, P, 170. prepared from the website https://media.president.ir/uploads/ads/150287287862085600.pdf, {in Persian}.

    Ruffini, P B. (2017). “Science and Diplomacy, a New Dimension of International Relations of Science, Technology and Innovation”, Translation: Seyyed Mehdi Ghaemi, Tehran, Cultural and Social Studies Research Institute, Strategic Council of International Relations, Ministry of Science, Research and technology, first edition, P. 96. {in Persian}.

    Sani Ajlal, M. (2017). “Science and Technology Diplomacy; A New Strategy in the Development of Islamic Countries”, Quarterly Journal of Political Studies of the Islamic World, Year 6, Number 23, Autumn 2016, pp. 193-215. https://psiw.journals.ikiu.ac.ir/article_1272.html, 10.30479/PSIW.2017.1272, {in Persian}.

    Sarkisian, A. (2004). “Technology Policy, Principles and Concepts”, Tehran, Ministry of Industries, Modern Industries Center, P.57. {in Persian}.

    Shafiei, N., and Shokri-Moghadam, A. (2013). “Technological Diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - with an emphasis on defense-security technologies”, Periodical International Political Research, No. 19, pp. 269-235. {in Persian}.

    Syukhri Shafee, M. (2015). Nine Track in the Multi-Track System, www.Slideshare.net/muhammadsyukhrishafee/nine-tracks-in-the-multitrack-system.

    Taheri, E., and Esmaili, M. (2018). “America's Science and Technology Diplomacy in Central Asia”, Periodical Central Eurasian Studies, Volume 12, Number 2, Fall and Winter 2018, pp. 365-380. DOI: 10.22059/JCEP.2019.242184.449730 {in Persian}.

    The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran approved in 1368, {in Persian{.

    Vision document of the Islamic Republic of Iran - approved in 2004, {in Persian}.

    Zolfagharzadeh, M M., and Hajari, M. (2016). “Presenting a Framework for the Development of Science and Technology Diplomacy in the Country Using the Fuzzy Delphi Method”, Periodical science and technology policy, ninth year, number 3, autumn 2016, p. 1. DOR: 20.1001.1.20080840.1396.10.3.2.5, {in Persian}

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 September 2023
  • Revise Date: 14 October 2023
  • Accept Date: 08 November 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics