https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/ Science and Technology Policy Letters en daily 1 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23938.html Modern communication technologies have created unprecedented opportunities for digital entrepreneurship by establishing digital platforms and can serve as a driving force for economic and social development in Kermanshah Province. This study aims to design a model of modern communication technologies and the role of digital entrepreneurship in Kermanshah Province, using a mixed-method approach and grounded theory methodology. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 individuals, including managers of online businesses, professors in information technology engineering, technology management, and entrepreneurship departments in Kermanshah Province, and analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method. The findings indicate that causal factors include (powerful networks for digital life, etc.); intervening factors include (strong foundations of the digital world, etc.); contextual factors include (opening doors to capital for growth, etc.); the core phenomenon includes (modern communication technologies considering the role of digital entrepreneurship); strategies include (intelligent processes with advanced technologies, etc.); and outcomes include (improving efficiency by reducing costs, etc.), all of which play a key role in this model. By leveraging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain, Kermanshah Province can address challenges in areas such as agriculture, industry, and tourism, while creating new opportunities for entrepreneurs. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23954.html Over recent decades, research funding has become a cornerstone of scientific progress, innovation, and national competitiveness. In Iran, despite the relative growth of research expenditures, challenges such as budgetary fluctuations, heavy reliance on government resources, weak competitive allocation mechanisms, and limited evaluation of spending effectiveness have hindered the efficiency of the research system. This study, adopting a qualitative approach and informed by the experiences of selected countries, seeks to identify the key features of an effective research funding system in Iran. Drawing on experts’ perspectives, it examines funding mechanisms, policy orientations, and policy implications. The conceptual framework comprises nine core dimensions—policy-making, resource allocation mechanisms, allocation behavior, financing, accessibility, evaluation, support and incentives, regional considerations, and science and technology diplomacy—which were explored through semi-structured interviews with seven senior experts. Data were analyzed using the three-step content analysis model of Walcott (2008). The findings highlight the necessity of diversifying funding sources, implementing performance- and competition-based allocation, providing targeted support for less-recognized researchers, and localizing evaluation metrics as critical requirements for enhancing the efficiency of Iran’s research funding system. Furthermore, the development of intermediary institutions and improved financial transparency are proposed as key steps toward transforming policy-making and strengthening accountability within the national research landscape. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23953.html With the rapid expansion of digital platforms, policymakers face new regulatory challenges that traditional frameworks cannot effectively address. This study analyzes the removal and return of the "rush mode" feature in Iranian ride-hailing platforms to explore the mechanisms of platform system resistance against regulatory interventions. The theoretical framework integrates Archer's morphogenetic theory with the realist evaluation CMO approach within a critical realist paradigm. Using directed qualitative content analysis of 360 news articles, 3,000 Telegram messages from drivers, and 1,138 user tweets during 2022-2025, data were analyzed through a four-phase morphogenetic cycle. Findings reveal that despite decisive regulatory intervention, initial adverse outcomes (price increases, driver exploitation, public dependency) were reproduced with greater intensity. Three key mechanisms were identified: dynamic pricing and algorithmic control that actively generate resistance, multidimensional user dependency that prevents effective resistance, and the "absent" agency of algorithms that constitute the most powerful decision-making agent yet remain absent from any accountability processes. The study introduces the concept of "algorithmic morphostasis," which, unlike traditional morphostasis, is active, learning, and generative. The findings reveal the necessity of shifting from command-style regulation to adaptive regulation, demonstrating that self-adapting systems with learning capabilities are inherently resistant to traditional regulatory approaches. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23973.html In today's world, the competition over advanced technologies—particularly in the semiconductor industry—has become a strategic arena for the exercise of state power. Given the capital-intensive nature of this industry and its critical role in national security and technological sovereignty, governments seek to dominate supply chains and associated technological capacities. This emerging trend has been described in recent research as “techno-nationalism.” The present study aims to examine the expansion of techno-nationalism at the level of strategic alliances within the semiconductor industry and the challenges arising from technological interdependence among partner nations. Using a document analysis approach and drawing upon credible sources on the interactions within global value chains (GVCs) in the semiconductor sector and their relation to the literature on techno-nationalism, this paper collects and analyzes relevant data. Through this process, all pertinent academic articles and studies concerning techno-nationalism in the semiconductor industry were systematically reviewed and analyzed. Accordingly, the paper explores the technological transition from the liberal international order, based on globalization of value chains, to an era of technological protectionism. It investigates in detail the intensifying trade war between the United States and China, including U.S. industrial policies, government interventions, and export control measures targeting advanced technologies—especially semiconductors and military artificial intelligence. It also examines China’s countermeasures, such as extensive support packages and national self-reliance policies. Within a realist analytical framework, this study interprets the rise of “reverse globalization” amid the decline of U.S. hegemony and the ascent of China, and employs the theory of value chain co-evolution to analyze the role of neutral states and multinational corporations in a multipolar technological competition. Ultimately, by assessing the major players in this landscape, the paper evaluates the feasibility of scaling techno-nationalist policies from the national to the global level, in the form of emerging technological blocs. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23981.html This study aims to propose a framework for enhancing customer experience within service-oriented digital ecosystems. To this end, a systematic literature review was conducted, and the results of thematic analysis (qualitative) were integrated with those obtained from topic modeling (quantitative). Factors influencing the improvement of customer experience in service-oriented digital ecosystems were identified and categorized into 11 main factors and 33 sub-factors. These factors were then analyzed through the lens of service-dominant logic (SDL), and their management was delineated according to the five core principles of SDL.The findings clarify the approaches and perspectives that should be adopted to pave the way for creating deeper, more sustained, and more meaningful customer experiences. By offering a framework for understanding the multifaceted nature of customer experience in digital ecosystems, this research contributes to the growing body of literature on digital ecosystems. Furthermore, it develops an innovative and comprehensive framework that is both empirically grounded (derived from 11 factors) and theoretically enriched (viewed through the lens of SDL). Beyond listing influential factors, it elucidates insights and approaches through which customer experience can be enhanced in service-oriented digital ecosystems. By highlighting the dual role of factors in both co-creating and co-destructing customer experience, this study provides profound theoretical and practical insights for architects of digital ecosystems. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23984.html country's experience and performance in the corona crisis shows a great difference in the manner and extent of the spread the coronavirus and the methods of Confronting with it.The corona crisis caused severe social and economic changes worldwide and in Iran, and with these changes,it is necessary for policymakers to narrate different policy stories.The purpose this research is to analyze policies for confronting the corona crisis in Iran based on the narrative policy analysis framework.This qualitative research was a case study Method with an analytical-descriptive purpose.and thematic analysis was performed to analyze the text of policymaker narratives.Data, comprising two sets of government decisions and other texts from the onset of corona until June 2023,were extracted and recorded in a table in Excel software, in three levels the initial codes,the main-theme and the sub-theme were encoded.By analyzing the thematic the data and the narrative label, Research findings include:narration the preparation stage before coronavirus crisis, narration of the facing stage the coronavirus Crisis(1-Preventive policy and collective safety,policy change.2-Quarantine policy,necessity of reducing activities and policy change.3-Social distancing policy, necessity of continuing limited activities and policy Correction.4-Conflict of interest policy profiteers, losers and winners the corona crisis.5-Anti-sanction policy, diplomacy health and media.6-Production and knowledge-based economy policy)and the narrative the stage of exiting Corona crisis were and the narratives structure and content were specified.Conclusion,Government's policies in situation of the Corona virus pandemic crisis can be well explained in framework of the policy narrative and narrative components can be extracted from them.This Research,by combining the Structural and content dimensions the policy narrative framework,has presented a new conceptual framework that is able to describing and analyze policy narratives in a more comprehensive and This is a framework innovation in determining the components government policies narrative.and it has clearly identified the impact of narratives in the policy-making process https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24178.html Given the expansion of cyberspace in all aspects of people's lives and the increasing importance of its governance, the aim of this study is to diagnose the status of cyberspace governance in Iran. To this end, the Composite Cyberspace Governance Index (CGI) was measured in August and September 1403 using five methods: existing registration data, a national survey with a sample size of 1,200 people, a specialized survey of businesses related to cyberspace with a sample size of 300 people, big data mining of social networks, and a survey of 64 cyberspace experts. The data were scaled and aggregated; then the status of cyberspace governance was analyzed. The findings showed that the composite cyberspace governance index score was 40.5 out of 100 and the status of all four of its components was assessed as below average. The best status is related to "government effectiveness" with a score of 43.7 and "national power" with a score of 43.5. "Social capital" with 39.4 and "rule of law" with 35.3 have the lowest scores. Also, administrative affairs and services such as creating access infrastructure, e-government, cybersecurity, and self-sufficiency in basic applied services are among its strengths, which can be a starting point for solving more complex problems and attracting community support. Its weaknesses are in the accountability system, knowledge economy, advancing macro policies, and government accountability. Therefore, future policies should strive to promote trust between people and governance and frame the behaviors of actors in light of the law. To this end, it should move away from traditional tools such as prohibition and coercion to more diverse approaches, pay attention to the principle of balance between the pillars of governance, and consider the long-term effects of policies on these pillars. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23985.html For better or worse, digital technologies are reshaping everything, from customer behaviors and expectations to organizational and manufacturing systems, business models, markets, and ultimately society. To understand this overarching transformation, this paper extends the previous literature which has focused mostly on the organizational level by developing a multi-level research agenda for digital transformation (DT). In this regard, we propose an extended definition of DT as “a socioeconomic change across individuals, organizations, ecosystems, and societies that are shaped by the adoption and utilization of digital technologies.” We suggest four lenses to interpret the DT phenomenon: individuals (utilizing and adopting digital technologies), organizations (strategizing and coordinating both internal and external transformation), ecosystems (harnessing digital technologies in governance and co-producing value propositions), and geopolitical frameworks (regulating the environments in which individuals and organizations are embedded). Based on these lenses, we build a multi-level research agenda at the intersection between the bright and dark sides of DT and introduce the PIAI framework, which captures a process of perception, interpretation, and action that ultimately leads to possible impact. The PIAI framework identifies a critical research agenda consisting of a non-exhaustive list of topics that can assist researchers to deepen their understanding of the DT phenomenon and provide guidance to managers and policymakers when making strategic decisions that seek to shape and guide the DT. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24025.html Technological transhumanism is a movement that has emerged at the intersection of biological and digital advancements, aiming to enhance human capabilities and overcome their limitations through technology. This concept has undergone significant transformations over the years, encompassing various meanings. Utilizing a four-stage systematic review method, this research examines the historical evolution of the concept across three eras: the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, and the Digital Age. An analysis of 31 scholarly and historical articles reveals that the Enlightenment, with its emphasis on perfectibility and rationality; the Industrial Revolution, with mechanization and the emergence of enhancement technologies; and the Digital Age, with the convergence of biotechnology (such as genetic engineering) and digital technologies (such as artificial intelligence and brain-computer interfaces), have all contributed to the definition and development of technological transhumanism. Since 2005, with the contributions of Bostrom and advancements in digital technologies—alongside their gradual alignment with biotechnologies—the convergence of these two fields has fostered hybrid perspectives. This has redefined the future human as a bio-digital being and posits that overcoming biological limitations and improving future human life lies in this technological convergence. This convergence, which reflects a maturation and deeper understanding of the complexities of human enhancement, is now regarded as the dominant and prevalent perspective in contemporary research. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24044.html Given the vital role of faculty members in advancing science, technology, and innovation, there is a growing need to revise promotion regulations—particularly in the fields of humanities, social sciences, and the arts. While clear examples of technological activities have been defined for engineering and technical disciplines, no specific framework currently exists for such activities in these fields.This study aims to define and clarify the concepts and instances of technological and innovative activities by faculty members within the spectrum of uncertainties embedded in current promotion regulations. The research seeks to offer a practical framework for incorporating these activities into promotion criteria for the mentioned disciplines.Using the Integral Futures framework and a triangulation method—combining analysis of national and international policy documents, expert focus group discussions, and interviews with key stakeholders—technological activities in the humanities and social sciences were redefined.The findings reveal that it is possible to articulate technological contributions in these fields based on five key indicators: economic impact, social impact, governance relevance, innovation and excellence in outcomes, and outstanding achievements. Based on these indicators, five core clauses and nineteen specific items are proposed for inclusion in faculty promotion guidelines.These results offer a significant step toward equitable evaluation, increased motivation, and better recognition of the real impact of technological and innovative activities in the humanities, social sciences, and the arts. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24072.html In recent decades, the expansion of global value chains (GVCs) and the proliferation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) have had a significant impact on the global economy. These agreements not only reduce trade barriers and facilitate countries’ participation in global value chains, but also provide mechanisms for improving economic governance and domestic policy frameworks. However, the central question remains: how do the depth and content of these agreements influence the extent of countries’ integration into global value chains? This study adopts a qualitative–exploratory approach, employing a systematic literature review based on the Scopus database. Within this framework, key studies were identified and additional relevant papers were collected through the snowball sampling method. Following a two-stage screening process, the initial pool of 32 papers was narrowed down to 10 core studies. Screening was conducted based on language (English), thematic relevance, and conceptual alignment with the research question. The extracted themes were organized into three conceptual categories: (1) content dimensions of trade agreements, (2) indicators of depth and diversity, and (3) implications for global value chains. The findings indicate that the deeper the trade agreements, the stronger their impact on enhancing trade within global value chains. This effect is particularly pronounced in developing countries, where opportunities for specialization within specific segments of the chain are greater. The results suggest that deep agreements can not only accelerate integration into global production networks but also improve countries’ positions within the value chain. Nevertheless, such agreements may impose constraints on domestic policy autonomy. For developing countries such as Iran, these findings carry a clear message: it is not merely the number of agreements that matters, but their content and the precision of their commitments—factors that play a decisive role in the strategic success of integration into global value chains. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24105.html This research investigates the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Brand Engagement (BE) in emerging markets, focusing specifically on Iran. The study analyzes the roles of System Performance Expectation (SPE), Human Behavior Recognition/Identification (HBRA), AI Understanding/Perception (IQA), and Adaptive Portfolio Strategy (AIS). Furthermore, it evaluates Digital Knowledge (DK) as a moderating variable. Data were collected from 386 active users of financial digital platforms (e.g., Aap, DigiPay) and brand-focused platforms (e.g., Digikala, Snapp) in major Iranian cities using a 5-point Likert questionnaire. The data was analyzed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS 3, following a stratified cluster sampling method. The validated results indicate that SPE has a significant and positive effect on both HBRA and IQA. HBRA positively influences IQA, AIS, and BE. IQA significantly enhances BE, yet its effect on AIS is found to be negative and negligible. Importantly, Digital Knowledge (DK) positively moderates the relationship between HBRA and IQA, but has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between HBRA and BE. This study underscores the critical importance of system transparency and digital literacy, providing a vital framework for managers operating in emerging markets. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24126.html In the era of digital transformation and the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence technologies, entrepreneurial ecosystems are confronted with swift, complex, and unpredictable shifts—conditions that compel science and technology policymakers to design strategies for strengthening these ecosystems. To sustain innovation and continuity in such environments, entrepreneurs require a set of cognitive, technological, and behavioral competencies collectively referred to as digital resilience. Digital resilience is not merely the ability to withstand technological change; rather, it reflects creative adaptability and dynamic learning that enable intelligent coexistence with emerging technologies. Among the essential foundations of digital resilience is critical thinking literacy, which encompasses the ability to analyze data, evaluate algorithmic outputs, identify biases, and integrate human judgment with data-driven decision-making. This study employs a mixed-methods approach. In the first phase, a systematic literature review was conducted based on the PRISMA framework, through which the individual, social, professional, and technological dimensions of digital resilience were identified. In the second phase, using expert insights through the Delphi method and quantitative analyses, the relative importance of each dimension and their relationship with levels of critical thinking literacy were examined. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24149.html The Fourth Industrial Revolution, driven by emerging technologies, has created profound transformations in the field of education. Consequently, universities must identify the factors influencing their future pathways and take steps toward adaptation and innovation to ensure long-term success. Accordingly, this study, by focusing on the identification and analysis of the key driving forces shaping the future of Iranian public universities through a futures studies approach, seeks to provide a comprehensive picture that enables higher education policymakers to utilize its findings in revising and transforming policies related to the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. From a purpose perspective, this research is developmental–applied, and in terms of nature, it is descriptive–analytical with an exploratory orientation. A mixed-methods design (qualitative–quantitative) was employed. In the first phase, environmental scanning and semi-structured interviews with experts were conducted, followed by thematic analysis using MAXQDA software, through which 26 major drivers were extracted and categorized based on the STEEPLED model. Subsequently, structural analysis using MICMAC software was performed to assess mutual influences and classify the drivers. The results revealed that among the 26 drivers identified within the context of emerging technologies in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, three are influential, five are bidirectional, twelve are dependent, and six are reactive. The fact that all three influential and dominant drivers belong to the political category clearly underscores the unparalleled role of the country’s political decision-making structure and macro-level governance in shaping the digital transformation of public universities. This reality demonstrates that macro-political orientations function not only as accelerating forces but also as decisive determinants in shaping the future of the higher education system. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24157.html This study was conducted with the aim of explaining the application of biological metaphors in designing innovation strategies for high-technology companies and developing a conceptual framework. The research is classified as applied–developmental and was pursued through a descriptive approach. The research stages consist of qualitative and quantitative sections, both relying on the same research population; the statistical population includes senior managers and experts in the field of innovation in Iran’s high-technology companies. These individuals were identified through science and technology parks, specialized associations, and the list of knowledge-based companies provided by the Vice-Presidency for Science, Technology, and Knowledge-Based Economy, and participants were selected using purposive sampling. After achieving theoretical saturation, 17 experts participated in the interview process. The research was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative phases. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis and MAXQDA software, and the quantitative section was examined using the fuzzy Delphi method. Data analysis led to the identification of 42 sub-themes and 7 main themes. In the results section, the use of biological metaphors was recognized as a powerful approach for reinterpreting, redesigning, and guiding innovation strategies, and this approach enhances the understanding of evolutionary dynamics, gradual adaptation, and networked interactions in innovation. Accordingly, innovation at the individual and team level is linked to the origin and mutation of ideas, at the organizational level it is defined through selection, adaptation, and survival processes, and at the macro and network level it continues through symbiosis, co-evolution, and interactions based on mutual interdependence. The developed conceptual framework has the capacity to strengthen the theoretical foundations of innovation and can serve as a practical tool for managers of high-technology companies to enhance the resilience, dynamism, and sustainability of the innovation system. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24158.html Medicine is considered one of the strategic items in any country. A large part of raw materials and some medicines are imported into our country. In recent years, sanctions have been a factor in serious restrictions on financial transactions, severe exchange rate fluctuations and a significant increase in the inflation rate. In this regard, the allocation of government currency to basic goods, especially medicines, was implemented with the aim of controlling prices. The pharmaceutical plan reviewed these policies. Methodology: Conducting in-depth interviews with experts and stakeholders in the field of medicine, including policymakers in the parliament, insurance, the Food and Drug Administration, the Human Medicines Industry Owners Syndicate, the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Syndicate and universities, their opinions were examined. The results were analyzed qualitatively and using the content analysis method. Findings: This study examines the drug plan in four dimensions: process evaluation, outcome evaluation, cost-benefit evaluation, and impact evaluation. The main themes, including "method of formulation and implementation", "stakeholder participation in formulation", effects such as "people's access to drugs", "impact on drug shortages", "eliminating reverse smuggling", "increasing drugs covered by insurance", etc., were examined and evaluated. Conclusion: The items of problem identification and expert studies of the plan, eliminating reverse smuggling, increasing drugs covered by insurance, reducing drug shortages, targeting drug subsidies, preventing waste of foreign exchange resources, preventing rent and eliminating corruption, and in the cost-benefit dimension, it was positive, and in the items of stakeholder participation in formulating the plan, success in implementation, political and financial support, maintaining stability of out-of-pocket payments, and accelerating the payment of insurance debt for drugs, it was negative. Similarly, further research is needed on the issues of using the best solution, people's access to medicine, modifying consumption patterns, reducing induced avoidance, and social justice. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24172.html This study adopts a systematic approach to examine the concept and dimensions of urban innovation districts as one of the emerging drivers of local development. The primary objective is to identify the key components and dimensions of these districts and to propose a comprehensive framework for understanding their functions in urban development. To achieve this aim, a systematic literature review was conducted using a qualitative content analysis approach and employing the seven-stage PRISMA model. The findings led to the identification of eleven core dimensions of urban innovation districts, including economic, social, environmental, physical–spatial, scientific–educational, human capital, governance systems, innovation infrastructure, innovation networks, legitimacy, and global mission-oriented dimensions. Collectively, these dimensions interact to form a dynamic ecosystem that can serve as an effective model for policymaking and planning toward sustainable urban development. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24179.html The implementation of digital innovations in the public sector—such as Electronic Health Records (EHRs)— requires decisionmakers to engage in learning processes. This article investigates how collective learning processes unfold in collaborative innovation, focusing on the development of Switzerland’s national Electronic Health Record (EHR) system. Building on policy learning and collaborative governance literatures, we conceptualize learning as comprising two interdependent processes: policy-oriented learning (focused on technical effectiveness) and power-oriented learning (concerned with political feasibility). Drawing on 39 semi-structured interviews and extensive document analysis, we find that the EHR initiative followed a sequential learning pattern—technical solutions were developed before sufficient political support was secured—leading to a politically endorsed but technically flawed implementation. The study introduces the concept of parallel learning loops to explain how simultaneous engagement with technical and political dimensions can improve innovation outcomes. These findings advance theoretical understanding of collaborative learning in digital government and underscore the need for institutional designs that support concurrent technical and political deliberation in complex innovation processes. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24177.html Equitable and balanced access of rural populations to public services requires the adoption of an appropriate service delivery model by local governments—one that can cover the maximum possible population in sparsely populated and dispersed areas while maintaining quality and minimizing costs. In Iran, the establishment of a point-based service delivery system has led to rural councils (dehyari) acting as local government executors, often providing services independently to villages with more than 20 households, with the quality and quantity of services varying according to each village’s size and characteristics. Against this backdrop, this study examines the acceptance of shared services by rural councils in low-population villages from the perspective of local elites in the counties of Eslamshahr and Robat Karim, aiming to explore the potential of a shared service model in enhancing efficiency and service equity. Using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis, data were collected through 30 semi-structured interviews with managers, council members, and local experts in these counties. Findings indicate that many social, economic, and infrastructural services can be delivered on a shared basis, which may enable cost savings, improved service quality, and strengthened social and economic cohesion in villages. The results also suggest that area-based service delivery can operationalize the economic functions of rural councils—an aspect previously overlooked. However, the success of shared services depends on institutional mechanisms, legal support, and the preparedness of local elites. https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_24212.html Addressing environmental risks in the energy industry has primarily focused on transitioning to renewable and low-carbon sources, with limited studies emphasizing internal change and innovation within the oil and gas sector. Simultaneously, investment trends and oil and gas demand indicate that full substitution will not be achieved, at least in the medium term. Global indicators, such as the Climate Change Performance Index, also reflect unfavorable conditions for producing countries. This study conducts a systematic review and content analysis of selected articles to identify the components of an integrated policy framework as a basis for formulating coordinated policies and designing feasible action plans aimed at environmental transformation. The findings indicate that the literature is evolving toward "multi-level and dynamic governance" and distinguish six interconnected key dimensions: smart regulation and governance, development of inclusive innovation ecosystems, stimulation of innovation and market development, inclusive and participatory governance, policy adaptability and resilience, and international cooperation in technology transfer. The proposed framework also suggests that effective transformation requires integrating these dimensions into a unified management system.