Afif, Zeina; Islan, William Wade; Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar; Dalton, Abigail Goodnow. (2018)
. Behavioral Science Around the World: Profiles of 10 Countries (English). eMBeD brief; Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group.
|
Aknin, L. B., Barrington-Leigh, C. P., Dunn, E. W., Helliwell, J. F., Burns, J., Biswas-Diener, R., … Norton, M. I. (2013). Prosocial spending and well-being: Cross-cultural evidence for a psychological universal. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(4); 635–652.
|
|
Aknin, L.B., Dunn, E.W. and Norton, M.I. (2012). Happiness runs in a circular motion: Evidence for a positive feedback loop between prosocial spending and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies; 13(2), pp.347-355.
|
|
Aknin, L.B., Dunn, E.W., Whillans, A.V., Grant, A.M. and Norton, M.I.( 2013). Making a difference matters: Impact unlocks the emotional benefits of prosocial spending. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization; 88, pp.90-95.
|
|
Allcott, H. (2011). Social norms and energy conservation. Journal of public Economics; 95(9-10), 1082-1095.
|
|
Allcott, H., & Rogers, T. (2014). The Short-Run and Long-Run Effects of Behavioral Interventions: Experimental Evidence from Energy Conservation; The American Economic Review, 104(10), 3003–3037.
|
|
Almeida, F., & Cunha, A. (2018). Digital Donation Platform for Nonprofit and Charity Organizations. International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development; 10(3), 14–27.
|
|
Alpizar, F., Carlsson, F. and Johansson-Stenman, O. (2008). Anonymity, reciprocity, and conformity: Evidence from voluntary contributions to a national park in Costa Rica. Journal of Public Economics; 92(5-6), pp.1047-1060.
|
|
An, V. (2015). Small Donation, Big Impact: What You Need to Know About Microgiving; [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/learnvest/2015/11/13/small-donation-big-impact-what-you-need-to-know-about-microgiving/#171ac8cf2a36 [Accessed 31 Oct. 2019].
|
|
Arsenault, M. (2019). How Valuable is Amazon’s 1-Click Patent? It’s Worth Billions; [online] Rejoiner.com. Available at: http://rejoiner.com/resources/amazon-1clickpatent/ [Accessed 27 Jun. 2019].
|
|
Ayres, I., Raseman, S., & Shih, A. (2013). Evidence from Two Large Field Experiments that Peer Comparison Feedback Can Reduce Residential Energy Usage. Journal of Law Economics & Organization; 29(5), 992–1022.
|
|
Balz, J., Sunstein, C., & Thaler, R. (2014). Choice architecture. E. Shafir, The behavioral foundations of public policy; 428-439.
|
|
Baron, J. (1997). Confusion of relative and absolute risk in valuation. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty; 14(3), 301-309.
|
|
Bernheim, B. D. (1994). A theory of conformity. Journal of political Economy; 102(5), 841-877.
|
|
Bertrand, M., Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2004). A Behavioral-Economics View of Poverty. The American Economic Review; 94(2), 419–423.
|
|
Bettinger, E. P., Long, B. T., Oreopoulos, P., & Sanbonmatsu, L. (2012). The Role of Application Assistance and Information in College Decisions: Results from the H&R Block Fafsa Experiment*. Quarterly Journal of Economics; 127(3), 1205–1242.
|
|
Borsari, B., & Carey, K. B. (2003). Descriptive and injunctive norms in college drinking: a meta-analytic integration; Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 64(3), 331–341.
|
|
Cadario, R., & Chandon, P. (2019). Which Healthy Eating Nudges Work Best? A Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments. Marketing Science.
|
|
Cervone, D., & Peake, P. K. (1986). Anchoring, efficacy, and action: The influence of judgmental heuristics on self-efficacy judgments and behavior. Journal of Personality and social Psychology; 50(3), 492.
|
|
Charites Aid Foundation. (2019). CAF World Giving Index: ten years of giving trends, 10th ed.
|
|
Cooper, A. F., & Frechette, L. (2015).Celebrity diplomacy. Routledge.
|
|
Cribb, J., & Emmerson, C. (2016). What happens when employers are obliged to nudge? Automatic enrolment and pension saving in the UK (No. W16/19). IFS Working Papers.
|
|
Crowdrise. (2018). Social fundraising data report for nonprofits [Ebook] (2nd ed.); Available at: https://fundraising.crowdrise.com/gofundme-data-white-paper-download-thank-you?submissionGuid=7e80419b-864d-4437-881d-746c4d57922d
|
|
Cryder, C. E., Loewenstein, G., & Scheines, R. (2013).The donor is in the details. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes; 120(1), 15-23.
|
|
Cryder, C., & Loewenstein, G. (2010). The critical link between tangibility and generosity; na,
|
|
Dickert, S. (2008). Two routes to the perception of need: The role of affective vs. deliberative information processing in prosocial behavior (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon).
|
|
Dickert, S., Sagara, N., & Slovic, P. (2011). Affective motivations to help others: A two‐stage model of donation decisions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making; 24(4), 361–376.
|
|
Digikala. (2017). [اینفوگرافیک] همه چیز دربارهی جشنواره بازگشت به مدرسه دیجیکالا; Available at: https://www.digikala.com/mag/همه-چیز-دربارهی-جشنواره-بازگشت-به-مد/
|
|
Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2014). Prosocial Spending and Happiness: Using Money to Benefit Others Pays Off. Current Directions in Psychological Science; 23(1), 41–47.
|
|
Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2014). Prosocial Spending and Happiness: Using Money to Benefit Others Pays Off. Current Directions in Psychological Science; 23(1), 41–47.
|
|
Dunn, E. W., Aknin, L. B., & Norton, M. I. (2008). Spending Money on Others Promotes Happiness. Science; 319(5870), 1687–1688.
|
|
Fetherstonhaugh, D., Slovic, P., Johnson, S. M., & Friedrich J. (1997).Insensitivity to the value of human life: A study of psychophysical numbing. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty; 14(3), 283–300.
|
|
GoFundMe Charity. (2018). Social Fundraising Data For Nonprofits: The Complete Report. Gofundme Charity; Available at: https://charity.gofundme.com/c/guides/nonprofit-social-fundraising-data-report
|
|
Ground Report. (2010). Microgiving for Haiti Raises Over $1 Million in Aid - Ground Report; [online] Available at: https://www.groundreport.com/microgiving-for-haiti-raises-over-1-million-in-aid/ [Accessed 31 Oct. 2019].
|
|
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The Power of Feedback. Review of Educational Research; 77(1), 81–112.
|
|
Haushofer, J., & Fehr, E. (2014). On the psychology of poverty. Science; 344(6186), 862–867.
|
|
ISNA. (2018). حذف یکپنجم صندوقهای صدقات/ هر ایرانی امسال ۴۰۰۰ تومان صدقه داده است ,; Available at: https://www.isna.ir/news/97120703674/
|
|
Ivers, N., Jamtvedt, G., Flottorp, S., Young, J. M., Odgaard‐Jensen, J., French, S. D., … Oxman, A. D. (2012). Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; (2).
|
|
Jenni, K. E., & Loewenstein, G. (1997). Explaining the “identifiable victim effect.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty; 14(3), 235-257.
|
|
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Macmillan.
|
|
Karlan, D., Tantia, P. and Welch, S. (2019). Behavioral Economics and Donor Nudges: Impulse or Deliberation?; [online] ssir.org. Available at: https://ssir.org/articles/entry/behavioral_economics_and_donor_nudges_impulse_or_deliberation [Accessed 26 Jun. 2019].
|
|
Kettle, S., Hernandez, M., Ruda, S., & Sanders, M. (2016). Behavioral interventions in tax compliance: evidence from Guatemala. The World Bank.
|
|
Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996). The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory. Psychological Bulletin; 119(2), 254–284.
|
|
Knowledge@Wharton. (1996). Why Amazon’s ‘1-Click’ Ordering Was a Game Changer. Available at: https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/amazons-1-click-goes-off-patent/
|
|
Kogut, T., & Ritov, I. (2005). The “identified victim” effect: An identified group, or just a single individual?; Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 18(3), 157-167.
|
|
Kogut, T., & Ritov, I. (2005). The “identified victim” effect: An individual group or just a single individual. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making; 18(3), 157-167.
|
|
Kogut, T., & Ritov, I. (2005). The singularity effect of identified victims in separate and joint evaluation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes; 97(2), 106-116.
|
|
Lee, D., Gopal, A., & Lee, D. (2017). Micro-Giving: On the Use of Mobile Devices and Monetary Subsidies in Charitable Giving. ICIS.
|
|
List, John A. (2011). "The Market for Charitable Giving." Journal of Economic Perspectives; 25 (2): 157-80.
|
|
Loewenstein, G., & Small, D. (2007). The scarecrow and the tin man: The vicissitudes of human sympathy and caring. Review of General Psychology; 11(2), 112-126.
|
|
Mani, A., Mullainathan, S., Shafir, E., & Zhao, J. (2013). Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function. Science; 341(6149), 976–980.
|
|
Meer, J. (2011). Brother, can you spare a dime? Peer pressure in charitable solicitation. Journal of public economics; 95(7-8), 926-941.
|
|
Mehr News Agency. (2019). ضریب نفوذ موبایل به ۱۱۳ درصد رسید/ شیب نزولی تلفن ثابت; Available at: https://www.mehrnews.com/news/4729961/ضریب-نفوذ-موبایل-به-۱۱۳-درصد-رسید-شیب-نزولی-تلفن-ثابت
|
|
Mohanty, M. S. (2011). Effects of charity on social welfare: A theoretical analysis. Sociology Mind; 1(02), 33.
|
|
Mousavi, Z. Karimi, A. Tahamtan, A.M. (2017). Behavioral insights in public policy. 1st Conference on governance and public policy.
|
|
Mousavi, Z. Mohammadpoor, H. Kurosh, B. Tahamtan, A.M. (2017). Behavioral insights in public policy (Case study). Governance and policy think tank.
|
|
Neville, S. (2011). Baby Jessica turns 25 and unlocks the $800,000 trust fund donated after her horrific ordeal stuck in a well in 1987; Retrieved 5 November 2019, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1370116/Baby-Jessica-turns-25-unlocks-800-000-trust-fund-wishers-donated-horrific-ordeal-stuck-well.html
|
|
OECD. (2017). Behavioural Insights and Public Policy: Lessons from Around the World, OECD Publishing; Paris.
|
|
Rozin, P., Scott, S., Dingley, M., Urbanek, J. K., Jiang, H., & Kaltenbach, M. (2011). Nudge to Nobesity I: Minor Changes in Accessibility Decrease Food Intake. Judgment and Decision Making; 6 (4), 323-332.
|
|
Samman, E., Auliffe, E. M., & MacLachlan, M. (2009). The role of celebrity in endorsing poverty reduction through international aid. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing; 14(2), 137–148.
|
|
Slovic, P. (2010). If I look at the mass I will never act: Psychic numbing and genocide. In Emotions and risky technologies. Springer, Dordrecht.
|
|
Small, D. A, Loewenstein, G., & Slovic, P. (2007). Sympathy and callousness: Affect and deliberations in donation decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes; 102, 143-153.
|
|
Small, D. A. & Loewenstein, G. (2003). Helping “A” victim or helping “THE” victim: Altruism and identifiability. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty; 26(1), 5-16.
|
|
Smith, S., Windmeijer, F., & Wright, E. (2015). Peer effects in charitable giving: Evidence from the (running) field. The Economic Journal; 125(585), 1053-1071.
|
|
Thaler, R. H. (2018). Nudge, not sludge. Science; 361(6401), 431.
|
|
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. science; 185(4157), 1124-1131.
|
|
UNICEF. (2019). Young Child Survival and Development; Retrieved 5 November 2019, from https://www.unicef.org/childsurvival/
|
|
Vesterlund, L. (2006). Why do people give. The nonprofit sector: A research handbook; 2, 168-190.
|
|
Wheeler, M. (2011). Celebrity diplomacy: United Nations’ goodwill ambassadors and messengers of peace; Celebrity Studies, 2(1), 6–18.
|
|
Whillans, A. V. (2016). A Brief Introduction to the Science of Fundraising. Council for Advancement and Support of Education. New York, NY.
|
|
Whillans, A.V., Dunn, E.W., Sandstrom, G.M., Dickerson, S.S. and Madden, K.M. (2016). Is spending money on others good for your heart?. Health Psychology; 35(6), p.574.
|
|
Wilson, T. D., Houston, C. E., Etling, K. M., & Brekke, N. (1996). A new look at anchoring effects: basic anchoring and its antecedents. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General; 125(4), 387.
|
|
Wymer, W., & Drollinger, T. (2015).Charity appeals using celebrity endorsers: Celebrity attributes most predictive of audience donation intentions. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations; 26(6), 2694-2717.
|
Nudge is an intervention that is derived from behavioral economics and behavioral science to design and implement policies. The affordability and ease of use are essential reasons for applying this new tool. One of the critical areas of using nudge is to increase donations and volunteer activities. Studies show that Iran has the potential for donations and endowments, as well as non-financial contributions such as volunteer activities. However, the adopting of nudge in such activities has been neglected in Iran. In this study, effective nudges which are 1- Simplification, 2- Responsiveness, and 3- Social norms, are assessed in order to develop participation and sustainable donation for foundations, charities, and NGOs. This article introduces each of these nudges and their application and results in the real world. Then it describes the implementation of these nudges in Iran.
)
