نهادها و برنامه‌های توسعۀ صادرات دانش‌بنیان و ملاحظات سیاستی توسعۀ صادرات

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران

چکیده

توسعۀ صادرات و حمایت از بین‌المللی‌شدن بنگاه‌ها همواره در دستور کار نهادهای حمایتی قرار دارد. برنامه‌های توسعۀ صادرات ازجمله سیاست‌هایی است که برای رفع موانع حضور شرکت‌ها به‌ویژه شرکت‌های‌ کوچک ‌و متوسط در بازارهای بین‌المللی اجرا می‌شود. اگرچه در حال حاضر صادرات محصولات دانش‌بنیان سهم ناچیزی از صادرات کشور را به خود اختصاص داده‌ است، در پی توسعۀ کمی و کیفی زیست‌بوم شرکت‌های‌ دانش‌بنیان در سال‌های اخیر و موفقیت نسبی این شرکت‌ها در تأمین نیاز کشور، این شرکت‌ها ظرفیت بالقوۀ ورود به بازارهای جهانی را دارند و این امر در تداوم حیات آن‌ها بسیار مهم است. در این مقاله، مروری جامع بر مطالعات جهانی حوزۀ برنامه‌های توسعۀ صادرات صورت گرفته و مفاهیم، ویژگی‌ها و مؤلفه‌های اصلی این برنامه‌ها بیان شده است. این مقاله با ارائۀ دسته‌بندی موضوعی از مطالعات انجام‌ شده است. در این مطالعات ابعاد سطح توسعه‌یافتگی جوامع، کارکردها و ساختار مدیریتی و مالی نهادهای توسعۀ صادرات، کارایی و اثربخشی برنامه‌های توسعۀ صادرات و اقتضائات خاص محصولات با فناوری پیشرفته بررسی خواهد شد. یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که چهار محور اساسی شامل سطح آگاهی از برنامه‌های توسعۀ صادرات، حمایت بر اساس اندازه یا تجربۀ صادراتی شرکت، میزان مشارکت بخش خصوصی در هیئت‌مدیرۀ نهادهای توسعۀ صادرات و درنهایت حضور نمایندۀ دولتی و دیپلماتیک فعال در کشورها محورهای تصمیم‌گیری اصلی در حوزۀ تدوین برنامه‌های حمایتی و تخصیص منابع شناسایی شده است. درنهایت نیز باهدف ارتقای دانش کنونی مدیران، دلالت‌هایی از مطالعات انجام‌شده برای سیاست‌گذاران حوزۀ صادرات شرکت‌های‌ دانش‌بنیان ارائه خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Export Promotion Agencies and Programs; Implications for policy makers of technology-based firms' export

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohsen rahimzadeh
  • Alireza naimi
  • امی ذاکری
IUST
چکیده [English]

Export promotion and support for the internationalization of enterprises is always on the public agenda. Export promotion programs are among the policies implemented to remove barriers to the presence of companies especially small and medium-sized companies in international markets. Although the export of technology-based products currently accounts for a small share of the country's exports, but due to the development of the ecosystem of technology-based firms in recent years and the relative success of these companies in meeting the country's needs, these companies have the potential to enter global markets; which is very important for their survival. This article provides a comprehensive overview of studies in the field of export promotion programs and the features and main components of these programs. By presenting a thematic classification of the studies, this study will examine the dimensions of the level of development of societies, functions and management and financial structure of these agencies, efficiency and effectiveness of programs and specific requirements of high technology products. Five main decision-making areas in the field of support programs have been identified: the level of awareness of export development programs, support based on the size or export experience of the company, the level of private sector participation in the board of export promotion agencies, and finally the presence of active diplomatic representatives. Finally, in order to improve the current knowledge of managers, the implications of the studies conducted for export policy makers of technology-based firms will be presented.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Export Promotion
  • Internationalization
  • Technology-Based Firms
  • technology
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