«ارائه مدل گرایش کارآفرینانه در سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی با رویکرد فراترکیب»

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه توسعه دانشکده ی کارآفر ینی دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه توسعه دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران

3 گروه سازمانی دانشکده ی کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی به‌عنوان یکی از ارکان کلیدی اقتصاد سوم، نقشی حیاتی در رفع نیازهای اجتماعی و ارتقای رفاه عمومی ایفا می‌کنند. با این حال، کاهش منابع مالی دولتی و خصوصی، رقابت فزاینده و تحولات محیطی، چالش‌های جدی را برای این سازمان‌ها به همراه داشته است. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر گرایش کارآفرینانه و بررسی تأثیرات آن بر عملکرد سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی انجام شده است. گرایش کارآفرینانه که شامل نوآوری، ریسک‌پذیری و واکنش فعال به تغییرات محیطی است، می‌تواند ضمن افزایش پایداری مالی، کارایی سازمان را بهبود بخشد و تحقق مأموریت‌های اجتماعی را تسهیل کند. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از منظر روش‌شناسی مبتنی بر رویکرد اسنادی-فراترکیب و مدل هفت ‌مرحله‌ای سندوسکی و باروسو (۲۰۰۷) بوده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که عوامل مدیریتی، سازمانی و محیطی به‌عنوان محرک‌های اصلی گرایش کارآفرینانه نقش دارند. این عوامل شامل ویژگی‌های فردی و حرفه‌ای مدیران، ساختار، فرهنگ، فرآیندها و منابع سازمانی و شرایط محیطی است. گرایش کارآفرینانه تأثیرات متعددی بر سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی دارد؛ از بهبود فرآیندهای داخلی، افزایش انعطاف‌پذیری و تقویت فرهنگ نوآوری گرفته تا بهینه‌سازی منابع، توسعه محصولات و خدمات جدید، تقویت نوآوری اجتماعی و ارتقای عملکرد مالی و اجتماعی. نوآوری‌های پژوهش شامل یکپارچه سازی دانش قبلی در قالب یک مدل منسجم براساس ترکیب علم سنجی و تحلیل محتوای مقالات و شناسایی خلأهای دانشی ادبیات موجود و ارائه پیشنهادات برای تکامل پژوهش های این حوزه می باشد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که گرایش کارآفرینانه نه تنها به تقویت موقعیت رقابتی و جذب منابع متنوع کمک می‌کند، بلکه قابلیت پاسخگویی بهتر به نیازهای متغیر جامعه و ایجاد ارزش افزوده در سازمان‌های غیرانتفاعی را نیز داراست. این رویکرد به‌عنوان یک استراتژی کلیدی برای مقابله با چالش‌های پیش روی این سازمان‌ها مطرح می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

"Presenting a conceptual model of entrepreneurial orientation in non-profit organizations with a meta-synthesis approach"

نویسندگان [English]

  • zeinab Esfandyari 1
  • Zahra arasti 2
  • kammal sakhdari 3
1 Development Department, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran
2 Development Department, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran
3 Organizational Department, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Nonprofit organizations, as one of the key pillars of the third economy, play a vital role in meeting social needs and promoting public welfare. However, the reduction of public and private financial resources, increasing competition, and environmental changes have brought serious challenges to these organizations. This study aimed to identify factors affecting entrepreneurial orientation and examine its effects on the performance of nonprofit organizations. Entrepreneurial orientation, which includes innovation, risk-taking, and active response to environmental changes, can increase financial sustainability, improve organizational efficiency, and facilitate the fulfillment of social missions. This study was applied in terms of purpose and based on the documentary-meta-composition approach and the seven-stage model of Sandusky and Barroso (2007) in terms of methodology. The findings show that managerial, organizational, and environmental factors play a role as the main drivers of entrepreneurial orientation. These factors include the personal and professional characteristics of managers, structure, culture, organizational processes and resources, and environmental conditions. Entrepreneurial orientation has multiple impacts on nonprofit organizations, from improving internal processes, increasing flexibility, and strengthening an innovation culture to optimizing resources, developing new products and services, enhancing social innovation, and improving financial and social performance. Research innovations include integrating prior knowledge into a coherent model based on a combination of scientometrics and content analysis of articles, identifying knowledge gaps in the existing literature, and providing suggestions for evolving research in this area. The research results show that entrepreneurial orientation not only helps strengthen the competitive position and attract diverse resources, but also has the ability to better respond to the changing needs of society and create added value in nonprofit organizations. This approach is proposed as a key strategy for addressing the challenges facing these organizations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO)
  • Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs)
  • Meta synthesis

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