واکاوی مدل‌های ارتقای شفافیت در بخش عمومی: یک مرور حیطه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مدیریت خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی، دانشکده علوم مدیریت و اطلاعات سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران، تهران، ایران

2 گروه علوم مدیریت و اقتصاد سلامت، مرکز تحقیقات مدیریت و سیاست گذاری سلامت، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران

چکیده

شفافیت در بخش عمومی برای ایجاد اعتماد، پاسخگویی و مشارکت دموکراتیک ضروری است. با ارائه دسترسی آزاد به داده‌ها، دولت‌ها می‌توانند شهروندان را توانمند سازند، خدمات عمومی را بهبود بخشند و فساد را کاهش دهند. ابتکاراتی مانند پورتال‌های داده باز، امکان نظارت عمومی بر اقدامات دولت را فراهم می‌کنند و تصمیمگیری آگاهانه و نتایج بهتر سیاستی را تقویت می‌کنند. در این مطالعه یک مرور حیطه‌ای با هدف شناخت اجزاء و ابعاد گوناگون الگوهای ارتقاء شفافیت طراحی شده است و بر مراحل، ابزارها، بازیگران و چالش‌ها تمرکز دارد. با استفاده از جستجوی نظام‌مند در شش پایگاه داده اصلی از سال 2000 تا سال 2023، داده‌ها با نرم‌افزار MaxQDA تحلیل شدند تا اجزای شفافیت شناسایی شوند. ده مدل (2012-2020) به سه نوع دسته‌بندی شدند: مدل‌های نیازمندی‌ها، مرحله‌ای و اکوسیستمی، که هر کدام به جنبه‌های خاصی از شفافیت می‌پردازند و تنوع و پیچیدگی موضوع را منعکس می‌کنند. مدلهای نیازمندی‌ها عوامل کلیدی ضروری برای ارتقاء شفافیت را شناسایی می‌کنند. مدلهای مرحله‌ای بهبودهای تدریجی را پیشنهاد می‌دهند. مدلهای اکوسیستمی تعاملات ذینفعان در نظام شفافیت را بررسی می‌کنند. این مطالعه با تمرکز بر اجزای کلیدی چارچوب‌های موجود، و با شناسایی و تحلیل عناصر مشترک و متمایز آن‌ها درک جامع‌تری از ابعاد شفافیت ارائه می‌دهد. شفافیت در این بررسی به‌عنوان مفهومی پیچیده، چندلایه و پویا در نظر گرفته شده که نیازمند توجه دقیق به سازوکارهای نهادی، مدیریتی و فرهنگی برای تحقق مؤثر آن است. یافته‌های این مرور حیطه‌ای، بینش‌های کاربردی برای سیاست‌گذاران، پژوهشگران و نهادهای عمومی فراهم می‌آورد تا با بهره‌گیری از تجارب و چارچوب‌های موجود، استراتژی‌های شفافیت خود را بازنگری و تقویت کنند و در مسیر تقویت حکمرانی باز، مشارکتی و پاسخ‌گو گام بردارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring Models for Enhancing Transparency in the Public Sector: A Scoping Review

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Bouzarjomehri 1
  • Mohammadreza Maleki 1
  • Yasaman Herandi 2
  • Mohammad Ranjbar 2
  • Iravan Masoudi-Asl 1
1 Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Management and Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Health Care Management, Health Policy and Management Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

Transparency in government is essential for building trust, accountability, and democratic participation. By providing open access to data, governments can empower citizens, improve public services, and reduce corruption. Initiatives like open data portals enable public scrutiny of government actions, fostering informed decision-making and better policy outcomes. Transparency also drives innovation and ensures alignment with public interests. This scoping review examines strategies to enhance public sector transparency, focusing on stages, tools, actors, and challenges. Using a systematic search across six major databases from 2000 to 2024, data were analyzed with MaxQDA software to identify transparency components. Ten models (2012–2020) were categorized into three types: requirements, stage, and ecosystem models, each addressing transparency's multifaceted nature, reflecting the diversity and complexity of the subject. Requirements models identify key factors essential for transparency. Stage models advocate for gradual, phased improvements. Ecosystem models examine stakeholder interactions within transparency systems. This study focuses on the key components of existing frameworks, identifying and analyzing their common and distinctive elements to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the dimensions of transparency. In this review, transparency is conceptualized as a complex, multilayered, and dynamic phenomenon that requires careful consideration of institutional, managerial, and cultural mechanisms for its effective implementation. The findings of this scoping review offer practical insights for public institutions to reassess and enhance their transparency strategies by drawing on the experiences embedded in existing frameworks, thereby advancing toward more open, participatory, and accountable governance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Transparency
  • Open Governance
  • Open Data
  • Open Government Data
  • Open Government

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 30 دی 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 اردیبهشت 1404
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