Sharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722014220240521Narrative analysis of Iran's startup ecosystem development policy based on Narrative Policy Framework (NPF)Narrative analysis of Iran's startup ecosystem development policy based on Narrative Policy Framework (NPF)52523310FAAmirmohammadVaeziGraduate School of Management and Economics (GSME), Sharif University of TechnologyAliMalekiSharif Policy Research Institute (SPRI), Sharif University of TechnologyJournal Article20230102The development of startup ecosystems has become a global trend. These ecosystems have proven their importance to governments by having a significant impact on the creation of technology companies and the economic growth of the country. In Iran, too, for many years, efforts have been made under various headings to develop the startup ecosystems. In this article, based on the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), the existing policy narratives of startup ecosystem development policy in Iran between 2013-20 years have been analyzed. After analyzing these data, it was found that the three main narratives of catch-up, wealth creation and infiltration, have formed the discussions around the development of this ecosystem. In the first part of the analysis, which was related to representing the structuring of narratives, it was found that the narrative of catch-up and wealth creation during their coalition with each other, marked the birth and initial development of the startup ecosystem in Iran. The infiltration narration entered the policy arena sometime later as a negative force. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the narrations were examined.The development of startup ecosystems has become a global trend. These ecosystems have proven their importance to governments by having a significant impact on the creation of technology companies and the economic growth of the country. In Iran, too, for many years, efforts have been made under various headings to develop the startup ecosystems. In this article, based on the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF), the existing policy narratives of startup ecosystem development policy in Iran between 2013-20 years have been analyzed. After analyzing these data, it was found that the three main narratives of catch-up, wealth creation and infiltration, have formed the discussions around the development of this ecosystem. In the first part of the analysis, which was related to representing the structuring of narratives, it was found that the narrative of catch-up and wealth creation during their coalition with each other, marked the birth and initial development of the startup ecosystem in Iran. The infiltration narration entered the policy arena sometime later as a negative force. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the narrations were examined.https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23310_105bb381894aa2c1c5039898eb446fcf.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722014220240521Designing a model for development of the area of innovation based on the technology park.
A study of the historical experience of Pardis technology parkDesigning a model for development of the area of innovation based on the technology park.
A study of the historical experience of Pardis technology park264323332FAMeysamNarimaniAssistant Professor at Technology Studies InstituteSyed HamzeHasaniResearcher at Science, Technology and Industry Policy Institute, Affiliated by Sharif University of TechnologySyed MohammadSahebkarMOJTABAJABARIJournal Article20230604Examining the developments of recent decades in science and technology parks indicates the emergence of a new type of innovation ecosystem, which is characterized by new features such as establishment in urban environments, innovative community and international interactions, and it is called innovation area. Science and technology parks in our country, which have a history of several decades, have not been exempted from these changes. including Pardis Technology Park, which is considered one of the country's mature ecosystems in the field of technology. Examining the experience of the creation, development and policy of this park indicates the formation of the local environment with the characteristics of the innovation district in Pardis city, which can be associated with policy learning in the field of the creation and development of technology parks. Therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to provide a model for the formation of the innovation area centered on the technology park using the content analysis method. For this purpose, while studying the documents, 11 experts and managers related to the subject were interviewed. Then, integrative themes including urban development approach, development characteristics of the founding institution, management stability, geographical proximity infrastructure, support for the growth of technological businesses, national and international role-playing, and shaping the components of the innovation area have been extracted. Finally, a model has been designed to explain the development of the innovation district based on the technology park, which includes two main parts; Fixed factors that have existed throughout the evolution of the campus park, and variable factors that have changed depending on the priority of each stage of the evolution of the technology park. These stages include the stage of formation, growth, maturity and promotion. The policy recommendations obtained from this research are also presented.Examining the developments of recent decades in science and technology parks indicates the emergence of a new type of innovation ecosystem, which is characterized by new features such as establishment in urban environments, innovative community and international interactions, and it is called innovation area. Science and technology parks in our country, which have a history of several decades, have not been exempted from these changes. including Pardis Technology Park, which is considered one of the country's mature ecosystems in the field of technology. Examining the experience of the creation, development and policy of this park indicates the formation of the local environment with the characteristics of the innovation district in Pardis city, which can be associated with policy learning in the field of the creation and development of technology parks. Therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to provide a model for the formation of the innovation area centered on the technology park using the content analysis method. For this purpose, while studying the documents, 11 experts and managers related to the subject were interviewed. Then, integrative themes including urban development approach, development characteristics of the founding institution, management stability, geographical proximity infrastructure, support for the growth of technological businesses, national and international role-playing, and shaping the components of the innovation area have been extracted. Finally, a model has been designed to explain the development of the innovation district based on the technology park, which includes two main parts; Fixed factors that have existed throughout the evolution of the campus park, and variable factors that have changed depending on the priority of each stage of the evolution of the technology park. These stages include the stage of formation, growth, maturity and promotion. The policy recommendations obtained from this research are also presented.https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23332_0e2548bc5f1dd571393d83198c7a5cbf.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722014220240521Explaining the Science and Technology Diplomacy Approaches of the Islamic Republic of IranExplaining the Science and Technology Diplomacy Approaches of the Islamic Republic of Iran445823440FAMahdiBaghbanIslamic Azad University Tehran BranchArdeshirSanaieIslamic Azad University Tehran BranchJournal Article20230916Today, the importance of science and technology has increased so much that it is known as one of the components of national power in countries. On the other hand, the complexity of science and technology issues is so wide that countries need to expand cooperation with other countries in order to solve national and transnational issues, achieve development, etc. For this purpose, countries follow different approaches in science and technology diplomacy to achieve their diverse goals. The Islamic Republic of Iran also seeks to use different approaches of science and technology diplomacy to realize the goals of its science and technology policy. For this reason, the main goal of the article is to identify and explain the approaches of science and technology diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the researchers, using a multi-method methodology, first with a systematic review method, sought to answer the question of what approaches to science and technology diplomacy have existed in the world, and then with a theme analysis method in the government sources of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. They identified and explained the science and technology diplomacy approach of our country. According to the systematic review of the results of scientific books and articles, it was determined that until 2022, twelve approaches to science and technology diplomacy including influence, dependence, linking, cooperation, science development, opportunity creation, partnership, attraction, innovation, branding There has been a scientific mobilization and a global approach of science in the world, and by analyzing the themes of the top documents of the foreign policy of Iran, it was determined that the Islamic Republic of Iran has paid attention to seven approaches in science and technology diplomacy.Today, the importance of science and technology has increased so much that it is known as one of the components of national power in countries. On the other hand, the complexity of science and technology issues is so wide that countries need to expand cooperation with other countries in order to solve national and transnational issues, achieve development, etc. For this purpose, countries follow different approaches in science and technology diplomacy to achieve their diverse goals. The Islamic Republic of Iran also seeks to use different approaches of science and technology diplomacy to realize the goals of its science and technology policy. For this reason, the main goal of the article is to identify and explain the approaches of science and technology diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this regard, the researchers, using a multi-method methodology, first with a systematic review method, sought to answer the question of what approaches to science and technology diplomacy have existed in the world, and then with a theme analysis method in the government sources of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. They identified and explained the science and technology diplomacy approach of our country. According to the systematic review of the results of scientific books and articles, it was determined that until 2022, twelve approaches to science and technology diplomacy including influence, dependence, linking, cooperation, science development, opportunity creation, partnership, attraction, innovation, branding There has been a scientific mobilization and a global approach of science in the world, and by analyzing the themes of the top documents of the foreign policy of Iran, it was determined that the Islamic Republic of Iran has paid attention to seven approaches in science and technology diplomacy.https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23440_4cc62260fb4512ff63e8f285f9df48de.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722014220240521Analysis of Iran's Innovation Ecosystem from Policy Making to Practice: An Approach Based on Thematic AnalysisAnalysis of Iran's Innovation Ecosystem from Policy Making to Practice: An Approach Based on Thematic Analysis597823472FANimaEsfandiariFaculty of Management and Economics, University of GuilanMahmoudMoradiFaculty of Management and Economics, University of GuilanMohammad-RahimRamazanianFaculty of Management and Economics, University of GuilanMostafaEbrahimpour AzbariFaculty of Management and Economics, University of GuilanJournal Article20231020During the last decade, innovation ecosystems have become essential not only for businesses correspondingly for governments aimed at national economic and social development. For this purpose, the current research has analyzed the country's innovation ecosystem based on the views of a policy maker during the eight-year period of activity in this field. According to this goal, qualitative research design and thematic analysis method were used. A number of 235 videos containing their talks in meetings and interviews about the country's innovation ecosystem were analyzed. The findings of the research include eight main themes (influence on society, the role of the government, the foundation of knowledge-based economy, investment, government obstacles, communication and interactions, the mechanism of change and the spread of innovation) and 23 sub-themes and 103 open codes. Also, due to the importance of High-level state documents in drawing the desired future and determining goals, strategies and innovative measures, the collected themes were adapted to 12 High-level state documents and the result indicated their compatibility with these documents. Based on the analysis of findings, three main issues can be concluded. First of all, the government, by expanding the scope of its activity in the ecosystem of innovation, simultaneously fuels the increase of extensive bureaucracy in it, which shows the paradox between the role of facilitating and removing the bureaucratic obstacles of the government. Second, despite the view of connecting knowledge to the country's economy, its macro effects in indicators such as productivity growth rate and solving society's problems are still weak. Thirdly, due to the small amount of domestic investment (public and private sector), the entry of foreign investment can accelerate the development of the innovation ecosystem.During the last decade, innovation ecosystems have become essential not only for businesses correspondingly for governments aimed at national economic and social development. For this purpose, the current research has analyzed the country's innovation ecosystem based on the views of a policy maker during the eight-year period of activity in this field. According to this goal, qualitative research design and thematic analysis method were used. A number of 235 videos containing their talks in meetings and interviews about the country's innovation ecosystem were analyzed. The findings of the research include eight main themes (influence on society, the role of the government, the foundation of knowledge-based economy, investment, government obstacles, communication and interactions, the mechanism of change and the spread of innovation) and 23 sub-themes and 103 open codes. Also, due to the importance of High-level state documents in drawing the desired future and determining goals, strategies and innovative measures, the collected themes were adapted to 12 High-level state documents and the result indicated their compatibility with these documents. Based on the analysis of findings, three main issues can be concluded. First of all, the government, by expanding the scope of its activity in the ecosystem of innovation, simultaneously fuels the increase of extensive bureaucracy in it, which shows the paradox between the role of facilitating and removing the bureaucratic obstacles of the government. Second, despite the view of connecting knowledge to the country's economy, its macro effects in indicators such as productivity growth rate and solving society's problems are still weak. Thirdly, due to the small amount of domestic investment (public and private sector), the entry of foreign investment can accelerate the development of the innovation ecosystem.https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23472_51259768d4f11ee9765f871510257429.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722014220240621National oil companies, energy transition and sustainable development in the Middle EastNational oil companies, energy transition and sustainable development in the Middle East799223311FAHosseinHeidariDepartment of Political Science-International Relations, Khorramshahr International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahr,Iran.HamedMohaqheghniaDepartment of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, IranShivaJalalpoorDepartment of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, IranFeredounAkbarzadehDepartment of Political Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20230509Sustainable development is often raised as a social issue that companies should pay attention to; because it presents both opportunities and challenges. In this regard, national oil companies should adapt their strategies to help their economy be more flexible in the global energy transition. Several leading Middle East and North African (MENA) national oil companies control large, undeveloped reserves with low production costs. This article by using case study methodology tries to identify the strategies of national oil companies in the MENA region in the age of energy transition. The argument of the article is that with the increase of uncertainties and the prospect of lower prices in the long term, the national oil companies of the Middle East and North Africa are considering different strategies to adapt their business models to these changes. The transition from extractive companies to the development of energy value, the transition from volume-oriented to value-oriented, more attention to natural gas and diversification in the downstream industry are the most important strategies of these companies in the age of energy transition. Meanwhile, countries in the region are also trying to pay more attention to corporate governance and transparent public communication to increase efficiency.Sustainable development is often raised as a social issue that companies should pay attention to; because it presents both opportunities and challenges. In this regard, national oil companies should adapt their strategies to help their economy be more flexible in the global energy transition. Several leading Middle East and North African (MENA) national oil companies control large, undeveloped reserves with low production costs. This article by using case study methodology tries to identify the strategies of national oil companies in the MENA region in the age of energy transition. The argument of the article is that with the increase of uncertainties and the prospect of lower prices in the long term, the national oil companies of the Middle East and North Africa are considering different strategies to adapt their business models to these changes. The transition from extractive companies to the development of energy value, the transition from volume-oriented to value-oriented, more attention to natural gas and diversification in the downstream industry are the most important strategies of these companies in the age of energy transition. Meanwhile, countries in the region are also trying to pay more attention to corporate governance and transparent public communication to increase efficiency.https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23311_b734faa9d37feaf2864a41e4567825f8.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722014220240521Schumpeter and the end of Western CapitalismSchumpeter and the end of Western Capitalism9311523340FARoohallahAboojafariAssistant Professor , Knowledge-Based Economy Department
Technology Study Institute, Presidency of the I.R. of IRAN
Tehran, IranMohamdamirRizvandiResearcher, Knowledge-Based Economy Department
Technology Study Institute, Presidency of the I.R. of IRAN
Tehran, IranJournal Article20230615Schumpeter’s forecast in his Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1942)<br />that ‘a socialist form of society will inevitably emerge from an equally inevitable<br />decomposition of capitalist society’ did great damage to his reputation. This was<br />especially so after the fall of the Berlin wall, when the spectre of Communism<br />seemed to have been finally exorcised. The current financial crisis, however, has<br />vindicated him. For Schumpeter, capitalism rightly meant, not just individual property rights, but the ability to ‘create money from nothing.’ This is such an enormous<br />and dangerous power that it obviously has to be subject to the strictest constraint,<br />which was traditionally provided, however imperfectly, by denial of incorporation<br />with limited liability to those who dealt in money. The decline of capitalism began<br />when financiers were released from this discipline, and it ended with the catastrophe<br />caused by belief that bureaucratic control could replace it. The cause of the change<br />was the progressive capture of democratically elected politicians by interests. On<br />this, Schumpeter’s The Crisis of the Tax State (1918) was almost as insightful as<br />his later book. When Governments could not allow banks to fail, they signalled the<br />definitive arrival of centralized financing, which is a fundamental characteristic of a<br />socialist economySchumpeter’s forecast in his Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1942)<br />that ‘a socialist form of society will inevitably emerge from an equally inevitable<br />decomposition of capitalist society’ did great damage to his reputation. This was<br />especially so after the fall of the Berlin wall, when the spectre of Communism<br />seemed to have been finally exorcised. The current financial crisis, however, has<br />vindicated him. For Schumpeter, capitalism rightly meant, not just individual property rights, but the ability to ‘create money from nothing.’ This is such an enormous<br />and dangerous power that it obviously has to be subject to the strictest constraint,<br />which was traditionally provided, however imperfectly, by denial of incorporation<br />with limited liability to those who dealt in money. The decline of capitalism began<br />when financiers were released from this discipline, and it ended with the catastrophe<br />caused by belief that bureaucratic control could replace it. The cause of the change<br />was the progressive capture of democratically elected politicians by interests. On<br />this, Schumpeter’s The Crisis of the Tax State (1918) was almost as insightful as<br />his later book. When Governments could not allow banks to fail, they signalled the<br />definitive arrival of centralized financing, which is a fundamental characteristic of a<br />socialist economyhttps://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23340_f7c4ceb13ecccab7cc95a1f2dfac3bc1.pdf