Sharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute) Science and Technology Policy Letters 2476-7220 13 3 2023 09 23 Investigating the role of artificial intelligence-based risk management in increasing the agility and capabilities of supply chain reengineering Investigating the role of artificial intelligence-based risk management in increasing the agility and capabilities of supply chain reengineering 5 23 23146 FA Hosein Rahimi Kolour Associate Professor, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran. Iman Ghasemi Hamedani PhD Student in Marketing, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran Journal Article 2022 12 22 In a dynamic business environment, organizations use an agile supply chain as a key strategy to deal with volatility. Therefore, the agility of a knowledge-based company indicates the responsiveness of that company when facing internal and external changes, and agile knowledge-based companies have the ability to compete with other companies in providing services to the target market. Therefore, in current research, the impact of risk management based on artificial intelligence is being investigated. This study is practical in terms of purpose, and from the point of view of data collection, this study is in the field of descriptive survey research. The statistical population of the current research consists of employees of knowledge-based companies, 280 sample members were available and the questionnaires were completed. In this research, two library and field methods were used to collect data, and the variables investigated in the present study were measured through polling using "localized electronic questionnaire". Data was analyzed using spss software and partial least squares method and Smart PLS software were analyzed. Examining the results of this research showed that risk management based on artificial intelligence affects the agility and ability to reengineer the company's supply chain. Also, in the indirect relationship between the ability to reengineer the supply chain, the relationship between risk management based on artificial intelligence agility and the ability to reengineer the supply chain mediates the company. In a dynamic business environment, organizations use an agile supply chain as a key strategy to deal with volatility. Therefore, the agility of a knowledge-based company indicates the responsiveness of that company when facing internal and external changes, and agile knowledge-based companies have the ability to compete with other companies in providing services to the target market. Therefore, in current research, the impact of risk management based on artificial intelligence is being investigated. This study is practical in terms of purpose, and from the point of view of data collection, this study is in the field of descriptive survey research. The statistical population of the current research consists of employees of knowledge-based companies, 280 sample members were available and the questionnaires were completed. In this research, two library and field methods were used to collect data, and the variables investigated in the present study were measured through polling using "localized electronic questionnaire". Data was analyzed using spss software and partial least squares method and Smart PLS software were analyzed. Examining the results of this research showed that risk management based on artificial intelligence affects the agility and ability to reengineer the company's supply chain. Also, in the indirect relationship between the ability to reengineer the supply chain, the relationship between risk management based on artificial intelligence agility and the ability to reengineer the supply chain mediates the company.

https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23146_263f96aeff2b21aad6b0e92a3724bd3d.pdf

Sharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute) Science and Technology Policy Letters 2476-7220 13 3 2023 09 23 Sharif University of Technology Innovation Science and Technology Desirable Policy Model: A Grounded-Theory Study Sharif University of Technology Innovation Science and Technology Desirable Policy Model: A Grounded-Theory Study 24 42 23112 FA Khodayar Abili Professor ,Department of Management and Educational Planning, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Javad Pourkarimi Assistant professor,Department of Management and Educational Planning, Faculty of Educational Science and Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mohammad Sahebkar, Assistant Professor ,Department of Innovation Policy and Futurism, Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran Syed Hamze Hasani Researcher at Science, Technology and Industry Policy Institute, Affiliated by Sharif University of Technology Journal Article 2022 07 05 Areas of Innovation have been established in more than 50 places in the world during the evolution of innovation ecosystems and after common models such as science and technology parks, and they have left a significant impact on the regional economy. In Iran, districts with the characteristics of the area of innovation are emerging, the most well-known of which is the Sharif area of Innovation around the Sharif University of Technology. However, the formation of these areas in the country is considered a new experience and despite the importance of the issue, not much research has been done in the field of policy making and development of these areas. The present study, using the systematic grounded theory, deals with the design of the desirable model of science and technology policy in the Sharif area of innovation. In this method, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 experts while reviewing documents and field studies. Then, the focus group method was used to ensure the validity of the findings. Finally, the ideal policy model of science and technology in this area of innovation including drivers and challenges of the internal and external environment, development strategies of the area, consequences, and feedback has been designed. Also, policy proposals based on this model have been presented, which include designing a strategic plan for the development of Sharif's area of innovation, upgrading the position and executive and operational capacity of Sharif Science and Technology Park, using information systems to accelerate integration, specialization of Sharif Innovation Zone, and efforts to Creating an innovative community. Areas of Innovation have been established in more than 50 places in the world during the evolution of innovation ecosystems and after common models such as science and technology parks, and they have left a significant impact on the regional economy. In Iran, districts with the characteristics of the area of innovation are emerging, the most well-known of which is the Sharif area of Innovation around the Sharif University of Technology. However, the formation of these areas in the country is considered a new experience and despite the importance of the issue, not much research has been done in the field of policy making and development of these areas. The present study, using the systematic grounded theory, deals with the design of the desirable model of science and technology policy in the Sharif area of innovation. In this method, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 experts while reviewing documents and field studies. Then, the focus group method was used to ensure the validity of the findings. Finally, the ideal policy model of science and technology in this area of innovation including drivers and challenges of the internal and external environment, development strategies of the area, consequences, and feedback has been designed. Also, policy proposals based on this model have been presented, which include designing a strategic plan for the development of Sharif's area of innovation, upgrading the position and executive and operational capacity of Sharif Science and Technology Park, using information systems to accelerate integration, specialization of Sharif Innovation Zone, and efforts to Creating an innovative community.

https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23112_099920286b97c1ee3cce357835ac498f.pdf

Sharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute) Science and Technology Policy Letters 2476-7220 13 3 2023 09 23 Iran–China 25-year Cooperation Program and the reaction of Iranian users of Twitter Iran–China 25-year Cooperation Program and the reaction of Iranian users of Twitter 43 58 23109 FA Abolfazl Olamaie-Far Deputy chief of mission of the Islamic Republic of Iran to china Davood Rezapour MA Graduate of East Asian Studies Mahsima Abdollahian, MA Graduate of International Relations Journal Article 2022 09 12 The conclusion of the comprehensive 25-year Cooperation Program between Iran and China is counted as one of the most significant actions taken during the recent years. This agreement, however considered favorable by the authorities of the two countries, has provoked reactions in public opinion. Among the most important feedbacks in this case are the negative reaction of the Persian users of Twitter and their campaigning against Iran and China’s 25 year agreement. The significance of this matter is due to the presence of elites in this network which in a way has made it the most political social network active in Iran. This research aiming to study the reason for the negative reaction of the Persian users of Twitter to this agreement, is looking for the answers to these questions: «What have been the reasons and modality of Twitter’s Iranian users’ general feedback to the signing of Iran and China’s comprehensive cooperation program in Twitter space? » And «What influences has the passing of time had on the level of Iranian people sensitivity towards Iran and China’s agreement? ». It appears that the three reasons «concerns about sale and cession of different regions of Iran to China», «the collective memory of the Iranian nation» and «concerns about the country’s independence to be jeopardized» are the most significant reasons to the negative feedback of Iranian Twitter users towards the 24 year agreement between Iran and China and the sensitivity of the users to the so called issue, has declined over time. The conclusion of the comprehensive 25-year Cooperation Program between Iran and China is counted as one of the most significant actions taken during the recent years. This agreement, however considered favorable by the authorities of the two countries, has provoked reactions in public opinion. Among the most important feedbacks in this case are the negative reaction of the Persian users of Twitter and their campaigning against Iran and China’s 25 year agreement. The significance of this matter is due to the presence of elites in this network which in a way has made it the most political social network active in Iran. This research aiming to study the reason for the negative reaction of the Persian users of Twitter to this agreement, is looking for the answers to these questions: «What have been the reasons and modality of Twitter’s Iranian users’ general feedback to the signing of Iran and China’s comprehensive cooperation program in Twitter space? » And «What influences has the passing of time had on the level of Iranian people sensitivity towards Iran and China’s agreement? ». It appears that the three reasons «concerns about sale and cession of different regions of Iran to China», «the collective memory of the Iranian nation» and «concerns about the country’s independence to be jeopardized» are the most significant reasons to the negative feedback of Iranian Twitter users towards the 24 year agreement between Iran and China and the sensitivity of the users to the so called issue, has declined over time.

https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23109_b29f90b356428e501e17193d13cf3cee.pdf

Sharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute) Science and Technology Policy Letters 2476-7220 13 3 2023 09 23 Networking capabilities of large companies in technological fields: components, antecedents and consequences (case study: biopharmaceutical field) Networking capabilities of large companies in technological fields: components, antecedents and consequences (case study: biopharmaceutical field) 59 83 23145 FA Atiyeh Safardoust phd student Seyed Sourush Ghazinori Associate Professor, Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran Manouchehr Manteghi Professor of Technology Management Department, Malik Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Naghizadeh Associate Professor, Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran Jahanyar Bamdad Soofi Associate Professor, Department of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2023 01 12 The rapid growth of biopharmaceutical fields and the expansion of interactions between firms, has led to the formation of innovation networks around big biopharmaceutical companies, which as a hub, have the task of leading and orchestrating other Network-based firms. On the other hand, biopharmaceutical firms need networking capabilities to be successful in networking. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effective dimensions in developing the firms' network capabilities, especially large companies (hubs), and their role in the consequences of networking in the Iranian biopharmaceutical industry. To answer research questions, while interviewing experts in three areas of government, industry, and academia in biopharmaceutical field, with the data approach of the Foundation, the dimensions of the issue were examined, and finally, in addition to the main factor or phenomenon, "network capabilities", antecedents and consequences of these capabilities is identified. According to the results; network capabilities have three dimensions: individual capabilities, general capabilities of network members and the capabilities of hub companies. Also, it can be acknowledged that the network capabilities of biopharmaceutical firms are influenced by causal factors or antecedents, and the network capabilities of these firms, sometimes lead to positive consequences for them and for the network when leading to the presentation of strategies and practical actions appropriate to the capabilities of the network. The rapid growth of biopharmaceutical fields and the expansion of interactions between firms, has led to the formation of innovation networks around big biopharmaceutical companies, which as a hub, have the task of leading and orchestrating other Network-based firms. On the other hand, biopharmaceutical firms need networking capabilities to be successful in networking. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effective dimensions in developing the firms' network capabilities, especially large companies (hubs), and their role in the consequences of networking in the Iranian biopharmaceutical industry. To answer research questions, while interviewing experts in three areas of government, industry, and academia in biopharmaceutical field, with the data approach of the Foundation, the dimensions of the issue were examined, and finally, in addition to the main factor or phenomenon, "network capabilities", antecedents and consequences of these capabilities is identified. According to the results; network capabilities have three dimensions: individual capabilities, general capabilities of network members and the capabilities of hub companies. Also, it can be acknowledged that the network capabilities of biopharmaceutical firms are influenced by causal factors or antecedents, and the network capabilities of these firms, sometimes lead to positive consequences for them and for the network when leading to the presentation of strategies and practical actions appropriate to the capabilities of the network.

https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23145_644f236186e318ac0dfa810fd745c0ec.pdf

Sharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute) Science and Technology Policy Letters 2476-7220 13 3 2023 09 23 The social as the heart of social innovation and social entrepreneurship: An emerging area or an old crossroads? The social as the heart of social innovation and social entrepreneurship: An emerging area or an old crossroads? 84 100 23232 FA Mostafa Yousefi university of sistan and baluchestan Aleme Keikha faculty member, university of sistan and baluchestan 0000-0003-3188-3670 Journal Article 2023 01 10 This paper aims to contribute to the conceptual debate on the connection between social innovation and social entrepreneurship, considering the role of the ‘social’ within this connection. Supported by a systematic literature review (SLR) with an in-depth analysis of 34 articles from Scopus-indexed and Web of Science databases journals, this paper identifies, analyzes and describes the difficulties and opportunities in the social innovation and social entrepreneurship literature. Little is known about the link between both concepts and the influence of the ‘social’ in their development and implementation. This SLR was conducted to identify and describe definitions and patterns. Results show that the connection between social innovation and social entrepreneurship is in its take-off phase, but it still is a fragmented field with a huge lack of consensus. Thus, it will be important to see where the field will head, as this paper aims to be a first step in the understanding of social innovation and social entrepreneurship through a collective and integrated perspective, providing an elucidation of the different perspectives of the literature This paper aims to contribute to the conceptual debate on the connection between social innovation and social entrepreneurship, considering the role of the ‘social’ within this connection. Supported by a systematic literature review (SLR) with an in-depth analysis of 34 articles from Scopus-indexed and Web of Science databases journals, this paper identifies, analyzes and describes the difficulties and opportunities in the social innovation and social entrepreneurship literature. Little is known about the link between both concepts and the influence of the ‘social’ in their development and implementation. This SLR was conducted to identify and describe definitions and patterns. Results show that the connection between social innovation and social entrepreneurship is in its take-off phase, but it still is a fragmented field with a huge lack of consensus. Thus, it will be important to see where the field will head, as this paper aims to be a first step in the understanding of social innovation and social entrepreneurship through a collective and integrated perspective, providing an elucidation of the different perspectives of the literature

https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23232_a8c0f664cbe398985e32820050e9a6f7.pdf

Sharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute) Science and Technology Policy Letters 2476-7220 13 3 2023 09 23 Investigating the role and effects of the Blockchain for the establishment and development of applications and services in Metaverse Investigating the role and effects of the Blockchain for the establishment and development of applications and services in Metaverse 101 123 23111 FA Mehrdad Salimi PhD student in Information Technology Management, Smart Business, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Bita Lotfi Bidhendi PhD student in Information Technology Management, Smart Business, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran Journal Article 2022 07 26 Since Facebook officially changed its name to Metaverse in Oct. 2021, the metaverse has become a new norm of social networks and three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds. The metaverse aims to bring 3D immersive and personalized experiences to users by leveraging many pertinent technologies. Despite great attention and benefits, a natural question in the metaverse is how to secure its users’ digital content and data. In this regard, blockchain is a promising solution owing to its distinct features of decentralization, immutability, and transparency. To better understand the role of blockchain in the metaverse, we aim to provide an extensive survey on the applications of blockchain for the metaverse. We first present a preliminary to blockchain and the metaverse and highlight the motivations behind the use of blockchain for the metaverse. Next, we extensively discuss blockchain-based methods for the metaverse from technical perspectives, such as data acquisition, data storage, data sharing, data interoperability, and data privacy preservation. For each perspective, we first discuss the technical challenges of the metaverse and then highlight how blockchain can help. Moreover, we investigate the impact of blockchain on key-enabling technologies in the metaverse, including Internet-of-Things, digital twins, multi-sensory and immersive applications, artificial intelligence, and big data. We also present some major projects to showcase the role of blockchain in metaverse applications and services. Finally, we present some promising directions to drive further research innovations and developments towards the use of blockchain in the metaverse in the future Since Facebook officially changed its name to Metaverse in Oct. 2021, the metaverse has become a new norm of social networks and three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds. The metaverse aims to bring 3D immersive and personalized experiences to users by leveraging many pertinent technologies. Despite great attention and benefits, a natural question in the metaverse is how to secure its users’ digital content and data. In this regard, blockchain is a promising solution owing to its distinct features of decentralization, immutability, and transparency. To better understand the role of blockchain in the metaverse, we aim to provide an extensive survey on the applications of blockchain for the metaverse. We first present a preliminary to blockchain and the metaverse and highlight the motivations behind the use of blockchain for the metaverse. Next, we extensively discuss blockchain-based methods for the metaverse from technical perspectives, such as data acquisition, data storage, data sharing, data interoperability, and data privacy preservation. For each perspective, we first discuss the technical challenges of the metaverse and then highlight how blockchain can help. Moreover, we investigate the impact of blockchain on key-enabling technologies in the metaverse, including Internet-of-Things, digital twins, multi-sensory and immersive applications, artificial intelligence, and big data. We also present some major projects to showcase the role of blockchain in metaverse applications and services. Finally, we present some promising directions to drive further research innovations and developments towards the use of blockchain in the metaverse in the future

https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_23111_735683978e7147241e6cdac30cc87756.pdf