Sharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722009320191122The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Entrepreneurial Orientation and Innovation Orientation: The Mediating Role of Dynamic CapabilitiesThe Effect of Intellectual Capital on Entrepreneurial Orientation and Innovation Orientation: The Mediating Role of Dynamic Capabilities51521674FAShahramKhalil NezhadAssistant Professor, Faculty of Management &amp; Accounting, Allameh Tabatabaii, University, Tehran, IranHalimehYusefi TabasMsc, Department of Public Administration, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran.EmadGolmohammadiMsc, Executive Directorate, Sanandaj Azad University, Lecturer University of Applied Sciences IlamNeshatMohammadiMsc, Executive Directorate, Sanandaj Azad University, Sanandaj, IranJournal Article20190827The purpose of this study was to study the effect of Intellectual Capital on dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation and Innovation orientation in knowledge-based companies. In addition, the mediating role of dynamic capabilities was also examined. This research is an applied research in terms of its purpose and uses descriptive-correlative methodology. The statistical population of the study, knowledge societies based in science and technology parks of Khorasan Razavi Provinces (170 companies). The method of sampling in this research is simple random sampling. The data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was confirmed by the Composite Reliability and Cronbach›s alpha. The conceptual model and research hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS software. Findings show that intellectual capital has a effect on dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation and innovative orientation. In addition, intellectual capital indirectly influences the entrepreneurial orientation and innovative orientation through dynamic capabilities.<br /><br />The purpose of this study was to study the effect of Intellectual Capital on dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation and Innovation orientation in knowledge-based companies. In addition, the mediating role of dynamic capabilities was also examined. This research is an applied research in terms of its purpose and uses descriptive-correlative methodology. The statistical population of the study, knowledge societies based in science and technology parks of Khorasan Razavi Provinces (170 companies). The method of sampling in this research is simple random sampling. The data gathering tool was a standard questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was confirmed by the Composite Reliability and Cronbach›s alpha. The conceptual model and research hypotheses were tested using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS software. Findings show that intellectual capital has a effect on dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation and innovative orientation. In addition, intellectual capital indirectly influences the entrepreneurial orientation and innovative orientation through dynamic capabilities.<br /><br />https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_21674_7702e84a4aa190aafad25311f3321336.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722009320191122A Look at Existing Laboratories in World Faculty of ManagementA Look at Existing Laboratories in World Faculty of Management172621675FAMehdiGoodarziAssistant Professor in Allameh Tabataba’i UniversityMohammad HoseinGhorbaniPhd Student in Allameh Tabataba’i UniversityJournal Article20190917Around the world, the educational system of universities is changing to meet the needs of society. Research infrastructures have played an important role in all fields of science for the advancement of scientific knowledge, especially in the humanities and social sciences, and their research infrastructures have evolved over the last decade. One of the infrastructures that many humanities universities are trying to set up is a management lab. It is currently relying on the Management Laboratory as a valuable component in the research and education of universities. The development of the lab can promote products and products and thus make the university profitable. Examination of teaching and research facilities at many universities around the world, from top management universities such as Oxford and MIT to mid-level universities such as Nottingham and Utrecht, suggest that many of these universities have they have set up a local lab called the Laboratory of Management and Economics. The approach of this research is qualitative and library study methods have been used to collect the required information. The results show that laboratories in the field of world management can be classified into four laboratories of innovation, behavioral, financial and comprehensive. The results also show that setting up and using a management lab primarily requires a clear strategy and macro plan, collaboration between senior university and subordinate colleges, as well as the involvement of faculty and students.Around the world, the educational system of universities is changing to meet the needs of society. Research infrastructures have played an important role in all fields of science for the advancement of scientific knowledge, especially in the humanities and social sciences, and their research infrastructures have evolved over the last decade. One of the infrastructures that many humanities universities are trying to set up is a management lab. It is currently relying on the Management Laboratory as a valuable component in the research and education of universities. The development of the lab can promote products and products and thus make the university profitable. Examination of teaching and research facilities at many universities around the world, from top management universities such as Oxford and MIT to mid-level universities such as Nottingham and Utrecht, suggest that many of these universities have they have set up a local lab called the Laboratory of Management and Economics. The approach of this research is qualitative and library study methods have been used to collect the required information. The results show that laboratories in the field of world management can be classified into four laboratories of innovation, behavioral, financial and comprehensive. The results also show that setting up and using a management lab primarily requires a clear strategy and macro plan, collaboration between senior university and subordinate colleges, as well as the involvement of faculty and students.https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_21675_1a6fb4156b74a7ee26d51d8d4c3cb997.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722009320191122Identification and Prioritization Barriers to Implementing Resistance Economy: Best Worst Method Multi-Criteria Expert Driven ApproachIdentification and Prioritization Barriers to Implementing Resistance Economy: Best Worst Method Multi-Criteria Expert Driven Approach274421706FAFatemeh ZahraRajabi KafshgarMsc. In Industrial Management, Faculty of Economics And Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranAlirezaArabPhd Candidate of Operations Research, University of TehranJournal Article20190702Resistance Economy has been raised by the Supreme Leader for the first time as a major strategy in the field of country governance Resistance economy, that is, an economy that transforms the pressure, conspiracy and hostility of global domination into strategic and practical opportunities and promotes the development, growth, and self-fulfillment of the country. Unfortunately, despite the emphasis on the benefits of the Resistance economy in the country, we do not see the practical realization of it. This research aims to investigate and identify barriers to the implementation of the resistance economy. In this way first, the theoretical and conceptual framework of resistive economics discussed based on the library collection method and analytical approach. Then, the barriers to implementing Resistance economy were identified through study, literature review, interviews with academic and management experts in six dimensions including economic, political, administrative, cultural, social and artistic factors and 23 criteria. Then these barriers were weighed and prioritized through a paired criteria comparison questionnaire and by using the new method in multi-criteria decision making, the best-worst method, and the expert’s idea. The research is descriptive-analytical and Lingo software used to solve the model. The results indicated that economic and administrative dimensions and strong dependence policy of the country on the proceeds from the sale of crude oil, the lack of support for domestic production and the reduction of the quantity and quality of domestic production and rent criteria Respectively, are the most important dimensions and criteria of resistance economy barriers.Resistance Economy has been raised by the Supreme Leader for the first time as a major strategy in the field of country governance Resistance economy, that is, an economy that transforms the pressure, conspiracy and hostility of global domination into strategic and practical opportunities and promotes the development, growth, and self-fulfillment of the country. Unfortunately, despite the emphasis on the benefits of the Resistance economy in the country, we do not see the practical realization of it. This research aims to investigate and identify barriers to the implementation of the resistance economy. In this way first, the theoretical and conceptual framework of resistive economics discussed based on the library collection method and analytical approach. Then, the barriers to implementing Resistance economy were identified through study, literature review, interviews with academic and management experts in six dimensions including economic, political, administrative, cultural, social and artistic factors and 23 criteria. Then these barriers were weighed and prioritized through a paired criteria comparison questionnaire and by using the new method in multi-criteria decision making, the best-worst method, and the expert’s idea. The research is descriptive-analytical and Lingo software used to solve the model. The results indicated that economic and administrative dimensions and strong dependence policy of the country on the proceeds from the sale of crude oil, the lack of support for domestic production and the reduction of the quantity and quality of domestic production and rent criteria Respectively, are the most important dimensions and criteria of resistance economy barriers.https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_21706_ec36f7711fe7a55e968528f9f4f4ff7a.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722009320191122Transcendental Methodology for New Agricultural Technology AdoptionTranscendental Methodology for New Agricultural Technology Adoption455921680FAMansoorShahvaliShiraz University, Agricultural College, Department of Agricultural Extension and EducationAvaAtefatdustFormer Graduate Student of Agricultural Extension and EducationMahsaFatemiAssistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Extension and EducationJournal Article20191105New agricultural technologies models could be adopted, if local situations are under consideration; because the perspectives of sustainability are focused on humans with philosophical as well as technical aspects simultaneously. The adoption models for new technologies could be transcendental models including three systems of human, environmental and theology. For this reason, a comparative analysis of modern technologies adoption models, were the main purpose of this study. Abadeh County in the cold and semi-dry region of Northern Fars province was the research area. A random sample of 360 farmers (189 adopters and 171 non-adopters) was selected randomly for data collection. Based on the results, multiplicity models have been presented as the most appropriate adoption model which could differentiate the adopter and non-adopter groups with higher prediction degree. Those multiplicity models would lead to human welfare and sustainable community if the adoption of agricultural technologies don`t destroy the nature nor leading to the neglect of the owner of universe as well as class gap increase of which make the poor people poorer and the rich ones become wealthier. <br /><br />New agricultural technologies models could be adopted, if local situations are under consideration; because the perspectives of sustainability are focused on humans with philosophical as well as technical aspects simultaneously. The adoption models for new technologies could be transcendental models including three systems of human, environmental and theology. For this reason, a comparative analysis of modern technologies adoption models, were the main purpose of this study. Abadeh County in the cold and semi-dry region of Northern Fars province was the research area. A random sample of 360 farmers (189 adopters and 171 non-adopters) was selected randomly for data collection. Based on the results, multiplicity models have been presented as the most appropriate adoption model which could differentiate the adopter and non-adopter groups with higher prediction degree. Those multiplicity models would lead to human welfare and sustainable community if the adoption of agricultural technologies don`t destroy the nature nor leading to the neglect of the owner of universe as well as class gap increase of which make the poor people poorer and the rich ones become wealthier. <br /><br />https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_21680_bc3c4d3da160e2bb29415f9e47cc28ec.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722009320191122Identification of Effective Propellants on Digital Entrepreneurship in Small and Medium Businesses with Meta- Synthesis ApproachIdentification of Effective Propellants on Digital Entrepreneurship in Small and Medium Businesses with Meta- Synthesis Approach617221678FAAsmaTavazoeifar Master of Entrepreneurship Management student, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.MohimSheihakitashAssistant Professor and Faculty of management and Economic, University of Sistan and Baluchestan. Zahedan, Iran.SoheilaKeshavarzMaster of Entrepreneurship Management, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.Journal Article20191021The present study aimed to identify the effective propellants on digital entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses with a Meta-Synthesis approach. The Meta-Synthesis requires that the researcher perform an accurate and profound revision, combining the findings of relevant qualitative research. By using the Meta-Synthesis method, 140 articles in the field of digital entrepreneurship, evaluation and analysis of content, dimensions and related codes were extracted, and the significance and priority of each method was determined by a little Shannon entropy. The results showed that organizational culture codes, customer-oriented, social factors have the most important factor. Finally, after the study steps, the inference model was presented from qualitative findings that this model of 3 dimensions (Intra-organizational, Extra organizational, and the infrastructures), 6 concepts (organizational capabilities, organizational policy, supportive protection, environmental capabilities, IT infrastructure, environmental infrastructure) and 30 Code is composed. Shannon›s entropy result showed that the codes of organizational culture, customer orientation, and social factors ranked first and third, respectively, as effective propellants of digital entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses, respectively.The present study aimed to identify the effective propellants on digital entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses with a Meta-Synthesis approach. The Meta-Synthesis requires that the researcher perform an accurate and profound revision, combining the findings of relevant qualitative research. By using the Meta-Synthesis method, 140 articles in the field of digital entrepreneurship, evaluation and analysis of content, dimensions and related codes were extracted, and the significance and priority of each method was determined by a little Shannon entropy. The results showed that organizational culture codes, customer-oriented, social factors have the most important factor. Finally, after the study steps, the inference model was presented from qualitative findings that this model of 3 dimensions (Intra-organizational, Extra organizational, and the infrastructures), 6 concepts (organizational capabilities, organizational policy, supportive protection, environmental capabilities, IT infrastructure, environmental infrastructure) and 30 Code is composed. Shannon›s entropy result showed that the codes of organizational culture, customer orientation, and social factors ranked first and third, respectively, as effective propellants of digital entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized businesses, respectively.https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_21678_715941ec60f9cceb7f3593151c325b7e.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722009320191122Investigating the Impact of IT Capability and Marketing Capability on Supply Chain Performance of Nikan Kimia Teb Co.Investigating the Impact of IT Capability and Marketing Capability on Supply Chain Performance of Nikan Kimia Teb Co.738421677FAParisaHamzavi PourStudent of Management Faculty of Azad University South TehranMasoomeShojaeeAbootorabAlirezaeeJournal Article20191002This study was conducted with aims of Investigation to The Effect of IT capability and marketing capability on Supply Chain Performance of Nikan Kimia Teb Company in the years of 2019. Research Method was applied based on aim and also was descriptive- correlation based on data collecting method. The population consisted of all managers and experts of Nikan Teb Kimia Company (104 persons). The statistical sample of the study was 82 people using simple random sampling and Cochran formula.Data were collected using a standard questionnaire of research by Yu et al. (2017) with 39 items. Using Cronbach’s alpha method, the reliability of the questionnaire was more than 0.7 for all the dimensions, which this shows an acceptable reliability for the research instrument. Moreover, content validity was employed in order to assess the validity, which the results indicated the validity of the survey instrument (AVE>0.5). The obtained data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Smart PLS software and the final model was presented. The results indicated proper fit of the conceptual model based on indices of acceptable and significant values for path coefficients, factor loadings, explained variances and GOF index. The results showed the confirmation of the impact of information technology capacities and their indicators, infrastructure capabilities, infrastructure capabilities and IT compatibility on supply chain performance of Nikan Teb Kimia at 99% confidence level. The assumptions were also based on the impact of marketing capacity and its indicators, customer relationship capability and market capability on supply chain performance.This study was conducted with aims of Investigation to The Effect of IT capability and marketing capability on Supply Chain Performance of Nikan Kimia Teb Company in the years of 2019. Research Method was applied based on aim and also was descriptive- correlation based on data collecting method. The population consisted of all managers and experts of Nikan Teb Kimia Company (104 persons). The statistical sample of the study was 82 people using simple random sampling and Cochran formula.Data were collected using a standard questionnaire of research by Yu et al. (2017) with 39 items. Using Cronbach’s alpha method, the reliability of the questionnaire was more than 0.7 for all the dimensions, which this shows an acceptable reliability for the research instrument. Moreover, content validity was employed in order to assess the validity, which the results indicated the validity of the survey instrument (AVE>0.5). The obtained data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) and Smart PLS software and the final model was presented. The results indicated proper fit of the conceptual model based on indices of acceptable and significant values for path coefficients, factor loadings, explained variances and GOF index. The results showed the confirmation of the impact of information technology capacities and their indicators, infrastructure capabilities, infrastructure capabilities and IT compatibility on supply chain performance of Nikan Teb Kimia at 99% confidence level. The assumptions were also based on the impact of marketing capacity and its indicators, customer relationship capability and market capability on supply chain performance.https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_21677_d6db2607c55ec595c8b5067feebca18f.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722009320191122Innovation, the State and Patient CapitalInnovation, the State and Patient Capital8510221676FAKiarashFartashAssistant Professor, Institute for Science and Technology Studies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranMaryamJahangirniaMaster Student, Science and Technology Policy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranAmirMalek MohammadiMaster of EMBA, Islamic Azad University, Arak BranchJournal Article20190702The study examines the role of government, financing policies in particular, in the long - run innovation and growth of firms and countries, subsequently. Mentioning the deficiencies of Orthodox economic schools, especially the neoclassical model, in analyzing and perceiving innovation through limiting policy interventions to the market failure, the author introduces Evolutionary and Schumpeter economic schools as appropriate analysis frameworks in this case. The pivot role of government in developing innovation and its active role in financing innovation are among the other critical issues that are analyzed in this paper based on evidence from developed countries. The findings indicate that the role of government is beyond fixing market failure, but forming and creating new markets; and, in other words, governments are supporting innovation process in the form of a high-risk “entrepreneurial government”. In contrast, since firms and private sectors mainly assume that innovation creation and its achievements belong to them and are derived from their actions, they are following a stronger risk-aversion behavior than the government in supporting innovation and financing. Development and investment banks are among the most important governmental means to actively support innovation –along with the risks- mainly in contexts and areas where firms and private sector are not willing to invest. Finally, there are some suggestions and considerations regarding government intervention in favor of innovation development.The study examines the role of government, financing policies in particular, in the long - run innovation and growth of firms and countries, subsequently. Mentioning the deficiencies of Orthodox economic schools, especially the neoclassical model, in analyzing and perceiving innovation through limiting policy interventions to the market failure, the author introduces Evolutionary and Schumpeter economic schools as appropriate analysis frameworks in this case. The pivot role of government in developing innovation and its active role in financing innovation are among the other critical issues that are analyzed in this paper based on evidence from developed countries. The findings indicate that the role of government is beyond fixing market failure, but forming and creating new markets; and, in other words, governments are supporting innovation process in the form of a high-risk “entrepreneurial government”. In contrast, since firms and private sectors mainly assume that innovation creation and its achievements belong to them and are derived from their actions, they are following a stronger risk-aversion behavior than the government in supporting innovation and financing. Development and investment banks are among the most important governmental means to actively support innovation –along with the risks- mainly in contexts and areas where firms and private sector are not willing to invest. Finally, there are some suggestions and considerations regarding government intervention in favor of innovation development.https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_21676_0d9387deb4219ac554e86c6eb5c22623.pdfSharif University of Technology (Sharif Policy Research Institute)Science and Technology Policy Letters2476-722009320191122ADL reportADL report10311721768FARuhollahHamidi MotlaghMuhammadEsmailzadehRistipSaeedSoleymaniAminYusefiMohsenAshariJournal Article20200311https://stpl.ristip.sharif.ir/article_21768_bc280dbc90d0bd19dde0cd71fbb7a283.pdf