شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر مهاجرت اساتید، پژوهشگران و فعالین استارتاپ‌ها در ایران

نوع مقاله : ویژه‌نامه «سیاستگذاری مهاجرت‌»

نویسندگان

1 رصدخانه مهاجرت ایران

2 رصدخانه مهاجرت

چکیده

مهاجرت نیروی کار ماهر از جمله اساتید دانشگاه، پژوهشگران و فعالین استارتاپ‌ها از اهمیت به سزایی برخوردار است، زیرا از طرفی اساتید و پژوهشگران وظیفه‌ی پرورش نسل آینده‌ی نیروی کار و تحقیقات علمی را بر عهده دارند و از طرف دیگر با رشد روز افزون استارتاپ‌ها در کشور، بخش عظیمی از نیروی کار ماهر در این بخش فعال هستند که مهاجرت آن‌ها می‌تواند کشور را با مشکلات متعددی روبه رو کند. با شناسایی عوامل اثرگذار بر مهاجرت اساتید، پژوهشگران و فعالین استارتاپ‌ها می‌توان اقداماتی در جهت کاهش تمایل به مهاجرت آن‌ها انجام داد. بدین منظور در این مطالعه با استفاده از داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده از طریق پرسشنامه و با استفاده از تحلیل داده های مقطعی در قالب مدل لاجیت عوامل اثرگذار بر تصمیم به مهاجرت آن‌ها را به صورت همزمان (برای عوامل اجتماعی که مشترک بوده است) و جداگانه (برای عوامل شغلی مربوط به هر گروه) شناسایی کرده‌ایم. نتایج مطالعه نشان می‌دهد با کنترل ویژگی‌های فردی، عوامل ‌شان و منزلت اجتماعی و سبک زندگی مورد علاقه بر تصمیم به مهاجرت اساتید و پژوهشگران و دسترسی به آخرین تحولات نوآوری و فناوری بر مهاجرت فعالین استارتاپ‌ها اثرگذار است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determinants of emigration of professors, researchers and startup activists in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mitrasadat Hosseinpour 1
  • Fahime Behzadi 2
1 Iran migration observatory
2 Iran Migration Observatory
چکیده [English]

The labour market for professional skilled personnel is becoming increasingly global, both in terms of the supply of and the demand for skilled labour. By identifying the factors affecting the migration of skilled workforce, governments can plan to reduce their desire to migrate. Thus, in this study, we have identified the factors that influence migration decision of professors, researchers and startup activists by using data collected through the questionnaire and logit model. The results of the study show that by controlling individual characteristics, professors and researchers migrate because of the social status and preferred lifestyle and startup activists migrate because of the accessing to the latest innovation and technology developments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • highly skilled migration
  • intentions to migrate
  • international migration
 
Bazillier, R., and Boboc, C. (2016). “Labour Migration as A Way to Escape from Employment Vulnerability? Evidence from the European Union”. Applied Economics Letters, 23(16), pp.1149-1152.
Beine, M., Docquier, F., and Schiff, M. (2008). Brain Drain and its Determinants: A Major issue for small states”. IZA Working Paper No. 3398. Available At:
https://docs.iza.org/dp3398.pdf
Belot, M., and Hatton, T. (2008) “Immigrant Selection in the OECD”. CEPR Working Paper No. 6675.
Borjas, G. (1989) “Economic Theory and International Migration”. International Migration Review, 23, pp. 457-485.
Borjas, G. and Bernt, B. (1996) “Who Leaves? The Outmigration of the Foreign-Born”. Review of Economics and Statistics, 78, pp. 165-176.
Carling, J. (2019). “Measuring Migration Aspirations and Related Concepts”. MIGNEX Background Paper. Available At:
 https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1992790/mignex-background-paper/2744555/
Carling, J., and Mjelva, M. B. (2021). “Survey Instruments and Survey Data on Migration Aspirations”. QuantMig project deliverable, 2. Available At:
https://www.quantmig.eu/res/files/QuantMig%20D2.1%20Survey%20instruments%20and%20survey%20data%20on%20migration%20aspirations%20v1.1.pdf
David, A., and Jarreau, J. (2016) “Determinants of Emigration: Evidence from Egypt”. Economic research forum (ERF) – Egypt Workin Paper No. 987. Available At:
https://erf.org.eg/publications/determinants-of-emigration-evidence-from-egypt/
De Haas, H. (2010). “Migration and Development: A Theoretical Perspective”. International Migration Review, 44(1), pp. 227–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2009.00804.x
De Haas, H. (2021). “A theory of migration: The aspirations-capabilities framework”. Comparative Migration Studies, 9(1), pp. 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020-00210-4
Docquier, F., Lohest, O., and Marfouk, A. (2007). “Brain Drain in Developing Countries”. World Bank Economic Review, 21(2), pp. 193-218
Dulam, T., and Franses, P. (2014). “Microeconomic Determinants of Skilled Migration: The Case of Suriname”. Econometric Institute Report 2014-21, Rotterdam: Erasmus School of Economics. Available At:
https://repub.eur.nl/pub/76073/EI2014-21.pdf
Epstein, G. S., and Gang, I. N. (2006). “The Influence of Others on Migration Plans”. Review of Development Economics, 10, pp. 652-665.
Fetzer, J. S., and Millan, B. A. (2015). “The Causes of Emigration from Singapore: How Much Is Still Political?”. Critical Asian Studies, 47, pp. 462-476
Gibson, J., and McKenzie, D. (2011). “The Microeconomic Determinants Of Emigration And Return Migration Of The Best And Brightest: Evidence From The Pacific”. Journal of Development Economics, 95, pp. 18-29.
Göybayrak, S. (2009). “Skilled labour migration and positive externality: the case of Turkish engineerd working abroad”. International Migration, 50(s1), pp. e132-e150.
Güngör, N. D., Tansel, A. (2006). “Brain drain from Turkey: an investigation of students' return intentions. “ IZA Discussion Papers No. 2287
Hoti., A (2009). “Determinants Of Emigration And Its Economic Consequences: Evidence From Kosova”. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 9, pp. 435-458.
Iredale, R (1999) “The Need to Import Skilled Personnel: Factors Favouring and Hindering its International Mobility”. International Migration, 37(1), pp. 89-111.
Jennissen, R. P. W. (2004). Macro-economic Determinants of International Migration in Europe. Rozenberg.
Kahanec, M., and Fabo, B. (2013). “Migration Strategies Of Crisis-Stricken Youth In An Enlarged European Union”. Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research,19, pp. 365-380.
Kurunova, Y. (2013). “Factors of international migration in EU-8”. International Journal of Academic Research, 5, pp. 275-278.
Mahroum, S. (2000) “Highly Skilled Globetrotters: Mapping The International Migration Of Human Capital”. R&D Management, 30(1), pp. 23–31.
Papapanagos, H., and Sanfey, P. (2001). “Intention To Emigrate In Transition Countries: The Case Of Albania”. Journal of Population Economics, 14, pp. 491-504.
Ravenstein, E. G. (1889). “The Laws of Migration. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society”., 52(2), pp. 241–305. https://doi.org/10.2307/2979333
Taylor, E. J. (1999). “The New Economics Of Labour Migration And The Role Of Remittances In The Migration Process”. International Migration, 37(1), pp. 63–88.