مروری نظام مند بر عوامل مؤثر در دسترسی به تأمین مالی فعالیت های کارآفرینی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت کارآفرینی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

2 استادیار اقتصاد، گروه علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه گنبدکاووس

چکیده

دسترسی کافی و مناسب به منابع مالی در توسعۀ فعالیت های کارآفرینی و بنگاه های کوچک و متوسط (SME) سهم تعیین کننده ای ایفا می کند. به رغم سهم مهم این گونه فعالیت ها در رشد و توسعۀ اقتصادی، دسترسی به تأمین مالی یکی از محدودیت های اصلی آن ها به شمار می رود. دسترسی بهتر به منابع تأمین مالی به منظور راه اندازی یا توسعۀ کسب و کار به تخصیص بهتر منابع تولیدی و درنتیجه رشد سریع اقتصادی منجر می شود. واقعیت این است که با وجود نظریه های گوناگون درخصوص تأثیر عوامل مؤثر در دسترسی به تأمین مالی، هنوز دیدگاه جامعی دربارۀ تأثیر عوامل مؤثر در دسترسی به تأمین مالی وجود ندارد. به همین علت می توان نتیجه گرفت که زمینه های تحقیقاتی در این حوزه هنوز اشباع نشده است و بنابراین درک تأثیر عوامل گوناگون در دسترسی به تأمین مالی برای سیاست گذاران اهمیت فراوانی دارد. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر در دسترسی به تأمین مالی فعالیت های کارآفرینانه است. به این منظور، با مروری بر 139 مقاله (فارسی و انگلیسی) با موضوع عوامل مؤثر در دسترسی به تأمین مالی فعالیت های کارآفرینانه، با روش مرور سیستماتیک  ادبیات تجربی و نظری، منابع گردآوری شده در دو دستۀ عوامل داخلی و خارجی دسته بندی شد. نتایج نشان داد که عوامل خارجیِ بررسی شده عبارت انداز: تمرکز در بخش بانکی، توسعۀ مالی، شرایط وام دهی (نرخ بهره، وثیقه و دورۀ بازپرداخت)، بی ثباتی اقتصاد کلان، فساد، موقعیت جغرافیایی بنگاه و فقدان تقارن اطلاعات. عوامل داخلی نیز عبارت انداز: ویژگی های کارآفرینان (سن، جنسیت، تحصیلات، شبکۀ کارآفرینان و تجربه)، ویژگی های بنگاه (عمر و سابقۀ بنگاه، اندازۀ بنگاه، نوع بنگاه و دارایی های ملموس) و روش های مدیریت مالی بنگاه (اطلاعات مالی، طرح کسب وکار، بودجه بندی سرمایه ای و مدیریت سرمایه در گردش). نتایج حاصل از مطالعۀ حاضر، به سیاست گذاران این امکان را می دهد تا سیاست های مناسب را برای تسهیل دسترسی به منابع مالی کارآفرینان فراهم سازند و به کارآفرینان این امکان را می دهد تا نقاط ضعف و قوت خود را برای دسترسی به منابع مالی شناسایی کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A systematic review of the factors affecting access to finance in entrepreneurial activities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amineh Zivari 1
  • Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh 2
  • Reza Mazhari 2
1 Gonbad-e Kavous University
2 Gonbad-e Kavous University
چکیده [English]

Access to finance plays a key role in developing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurial activities. Despite the critical role in economic growth and entrepreneurial activities, access to finance is the main problem. Better access to financial resources for a company's formation or development leads to better allocation of production resources, leading to rapid economic growth. Given the various theories about the factors influencing access to finance, there is still a lack of a systematic view of the factors affecting finance access. It implies that research areas are not yet saturated in this research field. Policymakers, therefore, need to understand the impact of various factors on access to finance for policymakers. This study aims to identify the factors for entrepreneurial activities that affect access to finance. To this end, 139 articles (Persian and English) on the factors affecting access to finance for entrepreneurial activities are reviewed using the systematic review of experimental and theoretical literature. Resources are then grouped into two internal and external factors categories. The results showed that the external factors included bank concentration, financial performance, debt conditions (interest rates, leverage and repayment periods), macroeconomic volatility, corruption, and companies' geography and knowledge asymmetry. Additionally, internal factors include entrepreneurial characteristics (age, gender, education, entrepreneurship and network of experience), company characteristics (life span of the company, size of the company, type of company and property, plant and equipment) and financial management practices of the company (financial information, business plan, and capital budgeting and management of working capital). This study's results enable policymakers to have effective strategies to promote access to business finance and enable entrepreneurs to recognize their strengths and limitations in accessing finance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial activities
  • Access to finance
  • Internal factors
  • External factors

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Zulfiqar, G. (2017). Does Microfinance Enhance Gender Equity in Access to Finance? Evidence from 

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