چگونگی پاسخ شرکت های بین المللی نفت و گاز به سیاست های توان داخل در کشورهای درحال توسعۀ تولیدکنندۀ نفت؛ تحقیق روایتی

نوع مقاله : ترجمه

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت بازرگانی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی تهران

2 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت اجرایی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

چکیده

در این مقاله، با استفاده از روش تحلیل روایتی، به بررسی شیوۀ کسب وکار پنج شرکت بین المللی نفت و گاز (شِورون، اِکسون موبیل، شِل، بی پی و توتال) پرداخته شده است؛ شرکت هایی که توانسته اند به سیاست های توان داخلی کشورهای درحال توسعۀ تولیدکنندۀ نفت و گاز (نیجریه، آنگولا، ونزوئلا، قزاقستان، برزیل، یمن و اندونزی)، در طی سال های 2000 تا 2012، متناسب با نیاز آن ها پاسخ دهند. این فعالیت ها شامل تدوین راهبرد هایی بر اساس توان داخل است که از طریق برنامه ها و ابتکارات توسعه ای به منظور استفاده از تأمین کنندگان و نیروی کار کشور میزبان اجرا می شود. این قبیل فعالیت ها و روایت ها، با هدف برقراری ارتباط، به منظور انعکاس ضمنی زمینه ای است که بتوان در آن اثربخشی سیاست های توانمندی در توسعۀ اقتصادی را قابل سنجش کرد. در کنار توجه به ادبیات گستردۀ این حوزه، با مقایسۀ این فعالیت ها در بین اقدامات انجام شده در پنج شرکت بین المللی نفت و گاز، چهار راهبرد که به توجیه شیوه کسب وکار شرکت های بین المللی نفت و گاز می پردازند تعیین و تجزیه و تحلیل شدند: 1. مشارکت مستقیم برای بازنگری در الزامات توان داخل مدنظر دولت ها؛ 2. چارچوب انطباق قانونی؛ 3. کسب وکار با هدف دنبال کردن راهبرد هایی با توان داخل؛ 4. ابتکارات و فعالیت های مسئولیت اجتماعی مشارکتی. نتایج تحقیق نشان دهندۀ تأثیر پیامدهای سیاستی بر توسعۀ توان داخلی در کشورهای درحال توسعۀ تولیدکنندۀ نفت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

How International Oil and Gas Companies Respond to Local Content Policies in Petroleum-Producing Developing Countries: A Narrative Enquiry

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amirhossein Tayebi Abolhasani 1
  • Shahin Rouhani Rad 2
1 PhD. Student of Business Management, Allameh Tabataba'i University of Tehran
2 MSc. of EMBA, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

This paper uses narrative analysis to critically examine the business practicesused by five international oil and gas companies (IOCs) (Chevron, ExxonMobil, Shell, BP and Total) to respond to local content policies in petroleum-producing developing countries (Nigeria, Angola, Venezuela, Kazakhstan, Brazil, Indonesia, Yemen and Indonesia) during the period 2000 –2012. The business practices include the formulation of local content strategies that are implemented through programmes and initiatives aimed at developing and using host country suppliers and workforce. Such practices and the narratives used to communicate the mimplicitly reflect the context in which the effectiveness of local content policieson economic development can be assessed. By comparing and contrasting the narratives across the five IOCs in relation to the wider literature, four emergent narrative strategies justifying the business practices of IOCs are identified and discussed. They include: (1) direct engagement to renegotiate local content requirements with governments, (2) legal compliance framework, (3) the business case for local content strategies, and (4) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. The conclusion considers the policy implications of these findings for local content development in petroleum-producing developing countries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Local Content Policy
  • IOC Business Practices
  • Petroleum-Producing Developing Countries
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